- [Dave] Hey, Dave here, in this video,
we're gonna set up a SOHO router, let's get to it.
Here, I have a laptop that I'll be using
to configure the router and here's a basic router.
And let's take a look at this.
I'm gonna zoom in a little bit on this so that we can take
a look at the connectivity.
And let's look at what we have here.
Okay, we'll start on the left.
Here, we have the power connector.
And so that's for our AC adapter and the on/off switch.
Here, we have a reset button,
which is depressed, it's inside of here.
And this can be very handy.
If you can't log in to the router,
let's say you don't know the password
and you can reset or flash the device.
And you can use a paper clip to actually do that.
We're gonna pretend that this router came from someone else.
And so we're gonna reset it.
We have two USB ports, which are great
for accessing data from a flash drive or what have you.
Then we have the internet connection.
This is what goes out to the internet, out to your provider,
and it will connect out.
In this case to a cable modem.
Here, we have four ethernet ports.
Now this is the switch functionality of the device.
The whole device, we usually call this a router.
But this right here is the switch portion of it.
Where you can connect four computers
or you can connect out to another switch
and get even more connectivity.
And here we have the WPS button for easy connectivity,
but generally we try not to go with this.
It can be a security vulnerability.
So generally we'll stay away from this
and I'll show how to deactivate that
on a SOHO device in another video.
And we have our antennas here as well.
So we could do wireless connectivity
as well as wired, right?
So how do we set it up?
Well, physically, it's pretty easy.
We want to connect our cables.
And so what we're gonna do is we're gonna connect
the laptop physically to the router
on one of the switchboards.
And the router has to connect to the cable modem.
So let's take a look. We have a older cable modem here.
Okay? And so this is the power connector
and we have two ports of note.
Here, we have the coax port,
which you could call RG6 or an F connector.
And here we have the RJ45 port
for the connection to the router.
This goes out to the provider. This goes to the router.
So you would need to have a coax cable
with an F connector and that screws onto this.
That's how you do it with a cable modem
or with a TV, standard stuff.
If you have a DVR box or whatever,
if you have cable TV or cable internet,
this is what you're using.
It's an RG6 cable with an F connector on the end.
And again, the other end, RJ45 patch cable,
right to the router.
Now I'm not gonna connect to that particular cable mode.
I'm gonna use a newer one that I actually have set up,
but that's gonna connect from here.
And then the cable modem that I have,
will connect out to the ISP.
All right, so let's start wiring this up.
Okay. So we have a patch cable here.
Basic twisted pair patch cable with two RJ45 ends,
it's a straight through cable.
We're gonna connect one end to the router
and the other end to our cable modem.
So one end to the internet port.
And again, the other end would normally go here.
So I'm gonna connect this to the actual cable modem now.
Okay. So we've connected that up.
And the cable modem is connected
to the RG6 coax connector from the provider.
Have another patch cable here,
another standard ethernet twisted pair patch cable,
gonna connect one end to the laptop.
And we've got a connector here.
Nice port RJ45 ports.
Some laptops don't have 'em, but a lot of them still do.
So that's a good thing because I want to be able
to configure this guy in a wired fashion
and we'll connect the other end
to the switch portion of the router.
Doesn't matter which port, I'll just use port one.
Doesn't really make a difference though.
And the thing about it is this,
quite often you'll need an update on the device.
So what I like to do is I like to connect
in a wired fashion from the laptop.
That'll take care of the configuration of the device.
But the laptop also has wireless connectivity
to an actual network, so I can download what I need.
As far as updates through that wireless connection.
Then we'll connect our power for the router
and I'm gonna boot it up.
Now, after I boot it up, once it turns on,
you'll see all the lights turning on, on the front.
Now we'll give that a moment.
And then what we wanna do is do a reset.
Now, in some cases you have to press the button
and hold the reset.
In some cases you have to reset it just while it's running.
Either way, you'd use a paperclip
or similar tool to press in there.
And you might have heard that click,
you'll hear and feel a click when you actually
get it in there and you may have to hold it
for five seconds, 10 seconds, depends on the device.
And you'll see the lights actually change.
And if we look on the front here, as I do this,
you could see the power button blinking.
And if we let go, that should reset it.
Okay? So the router has rebooted
and I believe it has reset.
Previously, these wireless icons were off, now they're on.
So I have a good feeling that this did reset.
Again, different ways to do it.
Sometimes you have to hold the power button
depending on some devices and press the reset switch.
You might have to press the reset switch
for 10 seconds or even longer.
So it depends on the device.
So you wanna check the documentation on that.
It'll be different from one manufacturer to the next.
But it looks like this did indeed reset.
Have that trustee paper clip with you,
or the little pin that they give you with a mobile device,
newer mobile devices to open up a slide tray.
So what I wanna do now is I wanna configure
this guy from the laptop.
So let's move over to the laptop now.
Okay, so this is the Windows 10 Pro laptop
that we fixed in a previous video.
And so what we want to do
is we wanna configure this through the wired connection.
Okay? And so if we take a look here.
If we right click on the network icon down here,
a little computer icon,
and go to open network and internet settings.
We'll see our various settings here for wifi
and also for ethernet.
So I wanna go to ethernet, that wired connection.
And we see we are connected to a network right now.
I'm gonna modify that.
Now you could get away with having this set up as DHCP,
grab the IP address from the router.
You know, that's fine.
And even when it resets to the new IP network
that we're gonna set up, you could do it through DHCP.
But I wanted to show how to do that with a static connection
from the laptop, as a tech, as an admin,
it's a good idea to know how to do this.
Okay? So what we do here
is we'd go to change adapter options.
And here we see our connections.
Here's our ethernet connection.
That's the wired connection,
we'll right click on that, go to properties.
And from the ethernet properties,
we want to change the TCPIP version four,
the internet protocol for information.
Now let's take a look at it right now.
Let's go to the command prompt and we'll do an IP config.
And we'll take a look, well that ethernet adapter
is getting an IP address automatically from that router,
from that SOHO router, right?
This guy is handing out the IP to the laptop.
I can tell it's default, 192.168.0.
And this guy's getting 113.
Because the default IP on the LAN side
for a device like this is 192.168.0.1, right?
We also have wifi connection and that is active
and that has access to the internet.
So if I need to download anything,
I can use that wifi connection, but I wanna modify this.
I wanna change this so that we can have connectivity
to both networks, right from the get go.
I just, I wanna show how to do this in a static fashion.
So go to IP version four, go to properties.
And instead of obtaining the IP address automatically,
we're going to use the following IP address.
And so I'm gonna change this to 192.168.0.254
the last possible IP address
that we could use on that network.
Cause you can't use 255, cause that's the broadcast
and you can't use zero, cause that's the network number.
So we have the choice between 1 and 254,
as long as it isn't used already.
So I'm gonna use 254, press the tab button,
that changed the subnet mask to a triple 255 automatically.
And then the default gateway. Well that is this SOHO router.
That's 192.168.0.1.
And you can verify that just by looking
in your command prompt, default gateway. Right?
All right. So we're going to click okay for that.
So that applies.
And we'll go back to that guy and we'll go to advanced.
And this is one of the great things
about setting static addresses.
You can have more than one.
You can be on more than one IP network at the same time.
So we'll click add and we'll add the network
that we want to go to.
Ultimately, this is gonna be part of my test network.
I call it the BACN network.
That's on the 10.252 network.
So that's what I'm gonna add for this laptop.
10.252 and this is going to be 0.132.
Now if we press tab, by default,
Windows is gonna think this is going on a Class A,
Class Full 10 network and give it a 255 subnet mask.
But we don't want that. We want this to be classless.
We want it to be 10.252.
That's what I want for this particular network.
So we're gonna change the subnet mask to 255.255.0.0.
And what that effectively means is the network
is 10.252 and then the other two octets
can be used for IP addresses for hosts.
So we'll add that in and click okay.
Now we have the two IPs here.
We'll click okay for the IP properties
and we'll click close for this.
Then we'll go back to our command prompt
and run another IP config and take a look at what we have.
Okay. Here's the ethernet adapter.
And instead of grabbing an IP address automatically
from the router, now we have two IP addresses
that we set the 192.168.0.254
and the second 10.252.0.132.
Okay. So all is well, so far.
What I wanna do at this point is connect from the laptop
to the router so that we can configure
the firmware on that router.
And we do that from the browser.
So open Chrome here, and we're gonna connect
to that guy right now and the default IP
for this particular device.
When you reset it is 192.168.0.1
and we'll press enter.
And it sees it, it sees the device.
We are connected and the defaults for this device
are admin and the password is admin.
We're gonna change that of course.
And we'll log in and we should get connectivity.
All right. We're in.
All right.
No, I don't want the browser to save the password.
And so it always asks for a new username and password.
You know, this is the kind of thing
that you might have to redo
if you upgrade the firmware on the device,
but I'll put that in now.
And now with this we'll type in the password
and we wanna make sure that it's not set to low.
We wanna have some type of power to this password, right?
So you don't use things like the word password.
Okay, and make sure you get something powerful in there
that has uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers,
special characters, and then confirm it,
confirm that, we enter that in.
Okay. And we're gonna say no to saving the password.
All right. Now I immediately want to go to advanced
and I want to go and update the firmware.
So we'll go to system tools
and we'll go to firmware upgrade.
Now, if you don't have access to the internet,
it's gonna be tough to check for an upgrade,
but we do have access, I believe.
So we're gonna check for that upgrade now.
As I mentioned, we have that link light on here.
We have that internet access link light here,
the little world, and that is green.
So we should be good.
Okay. And it tells us here that the firmware is up to date.
Okay. And you always wanna make sure you do check that,
if not, we could download the firmware
from the manufacturer website, save it to the laptop.
And that's why I have that wifi connection.
And then from here, we'd browse to it
and then run the upgrade.
You could also grab it from a USB flash drive
and connect that to USB port on the back of the device.
Okay. All right.
So we wanna make sure that firmware's up to date
and that's really just a matter of putting
the file in, upgrading it.
It'll reboot the device and it may reset all your stuff.
So that's why you wanna do the firmware update first.
All right. So we did the username and password
and in the quick setup, it's also a good idea
to change the time zone and we're in Eastern time.
So let's select that.
Okay. Now the internet connection type,
what are you gonna use?
Well, generally you set it to dynamic IP,
which means that this device connects out
by the RJ45 patch cable from the internet connection,
goes out to the cable modem, goes out to your ISP,
grabs the IP address automatically
and all the supporting IP information.
But again, that's too easy.
So we're gonna set it up as static.
Okay, we're gonna set that up as static.
But we're gonna go and do this from the advanced section.
So we're gonna go directly to advanced
and set all this information ourselves.
And so the first part I wanna do is the local area network.
I wanna get that local area network set up first.
And again, you could do this.
You could do this step by step
with the simple setup if you want to.
But as you go through these types of things,
you're gonna see that you're gonna have more complicated
setups that you want to do in your order.
So I wanna set up this LAN,
this switched LAN set up first.
By default this device is at 192.168.0.1.
And we said, we don't want that.
We want this device to be on the 10.252 network.
And the specific IP that I've selected
for this device is 10.252.0.101.
And the subnet mask has to be a double 255,
255.255.0.0, that's what we want for this.
Okay. And you can customize that
if you want to do subnetting or supernetting,
I'm just doing 255.255 because the IP network
that I'm using for my test labs, 10.252.
All right, now when we save this,
we're gonna lose connectivity temporarily
because right now in the browser,
we're connected to the router as 192.168.0.1.
So we're gonna have to reconnect to that new IP,
but again, that's why I set up this secondary IP.
Now again, you might be able to connect again with DHCP.
You might have to restart this laptop,
but this way I have connectivity
to both types of networks from the get go.
So different ways to do it. And that's up to you.
If it works. I wanted to show the static IPs as well here.
Now, in some cases, the router will skip
to the new login page.
So if you do have this set up as DHCP,
it'll automatically reconnect to the new IP network.
All right. But I do plan on using this laptop
in a static fashion anyway.
All right. And here we go.
And we've gotta put in the new information here
that we added before and we are authenticated.
So we're good.
All right, go back to advanced,
go to our network and we set up the LAN already.
That's what we want. And the internet connection.
We're gonna set this up in a static fashion
because I have multiple IPs and multiple ISPs,
multiple internet service providers,
and multiple IP addresses.
And you'll see this kind of stuff sometimes.
And if you wanna run any, say web servers,
or other types of servers directly off of this,
chances are you're gonna wanna have a static IP.
You could use something like a DIN service,
but chances are you're gonna wanna use a static IP.
So the IP address that I wanna use,
and all the supporting information
is normally gonna be supplied to you by your provider.
By your internet service provider.
All right. So that information has been supplied to me.
And I'm gonna enter that in now.
The IP address for this guy is gonna be 216.164.222.204.
The subnet mask is 255.255.255.248.
So we have our own little subnet here
and block of IP addresses that I've been given,
that I've asked for and paid for and have been given.
Okay. Gateway address.
That's gonna be, it's kind of like, okay,
this laptop looks at this device
as the gateway out to the internet.
But this has to look for the gateway at the ISP,
which will normally be on the same IP network,
on this WAN side here, on this public side.
And indeed it is 216.164.222.201.
And that's a .201.
So that's my personal gateway IP address there.
So the first three octets are the same as the IP.
It's just that last octet.
And I actually have from 202 up to 210.
Okay. Then we need to know the DNS servers,
so that we can do resolution from IP address
to domain name, from domain name to IP address.
If we ever connect to a domain like Google
or example.com or whatever, that's gotta get resolved to IP.
So we need to know the DNS servers
that this guy will look for out at the ISP.
So DNS server, we have 207.172.3.8.
And then for the secondary DNS server, 207.172.3.9.
And you could use other DNS servers.
You know, you could use the 8.8.8.8.
And there's a lot of public DNS servers that you could use.
And there's pros and cons to using those.
I'm just gonna go with the ISP supplied DNS server for this.
And the key here is we're using this as a static IP,
as opposed to dynamic.
Dynamic's so easy.
It just grabs the information from the ISP.
You plug everything in and then this hands out
IP addresses to your computers automatically.
I mean, generally that type of setup is,
there's not much for you to do.
So, that's why I want to show
all this static configurations
and click save.
And we wanna make sure that we still have connectivity.
You might have noticed as I was flying through the screens
that this actually did get information similar to
if not at exact, for what I wanted.
So it grabbed that automatically dynamically,
but we don't want that, I want this static.
Cause I have other routers using IP addresses
in my IP subset here.
But the key is that we have that,
that green world LED icon lit,
and then we wanna test it.
Just looking at the light's not enough.
So we'll go down here to system tools,
diagnostics, and we'll choose ping.
So you can do a ping directly from this device.
And so for example, we'll try pinging dprocomputer.com.
Start the ping and see what happens.
Okay. And we get replies.
Little bit of a lag, but that's okay.
80 milliseconds that's cause that server's
on the other side of the country.
Right? You could also do this from the client side
to make sure that your client connectivity's working.
Do a ping from your command prompt in Windows.
All right. But you always want to test,
you wanna make sure that your testing your device,
make sure it works properly.
Okay. So let's go and set up the wireless now.
We'll go to wireless and go to wireless settings.
Okay. And we have default names here
that are set up for the 2.4 and the five gigahertz networks.
So we'll set up the 2.4 first.
You wanna make sure the wireless radio is enabled.
If you don't want wireless on a device like this,
you can turn them off.
Just deselect it right from here.
It'll turn the radio off all together.
And that icon will not be on at all.
That's one way to tell if wireless
is even running on these devices.
Okay. So we wanna enable it.
And then we wanna give this a network name,
also known as an SSID.
I'm gonna call this EM-2.4-BACN.
That's my network name here for the test network.
Okay. We're not gonna hide it for now,
although that can be good for security purposes.
We'll talk about that in a later video.
We wanna check the security.
And you have options here for WPA, WEP,
which is really is deprecated
and can be vulnerable to something known as
an IV attack and other attacks.
So we're gonna leave it as a default, WPA.
WPA2 personal.
That means that we're gonna use a pre-shared key, a PSK.
So we're gonna use WPA2 and AES for encryption.
Those are the best methods really,
as of the recording of this video.
And then you wanna select yourself a password
and you want it to be a strong password.
Now, one of the problems here
is that you can see what you're typing in this.
So this isn't the most secure type of thing.
So you wanna make sure that you select
a good password, right?
I'm just gonna put in tests.
So something's in the field right now,
but you wanna make sure that you have something complex.
Okay, the mode that we're using,
you wanna select the option that works best for you.
You might want to just use one type of connection,
gonna leave it as mixed mode.
And then you wanna select the channel.
Now, one of the things you can do here
is you can use a wifi analyzer to see who
is using what channels out there.
And then the best thing to do is to select a channel
that's outside of that range.
Now for the 2.4 gigahertz frequency range,
you have the one through five range,
the six through 10 range and then 11.
And what I've found is the best way to go here
with the other businesses around here,
is to use channel nine.
Use that secondary range.
Most people are between one and five.
So I'm gonna go with nine for that.
Then you wanna select the transmitting power.
High might be too much.
If you're in a small space, you have other offices near you,
other homes or apartments nearby,
you might wanna change that transmit power to low.
So other people have a harder time
seeing your wireless signal.
So we'll save it. Then we'll go to the five gigahertz.
Okay. Once again, wanna make sure it's enabled.
And in some cases, maybe you don't want it enabled.
Maybe you just wanna run five gigahertz,
but you don't wanna run 2.4 gigahertz,
or perhaps maybe you want to have five gigahertz
for your main network and 2.4 for a guest network,
which you could configure separate.
And the guest network could be for actual guest
that you have at your place of residence or your workplace.
But it could also be for security type devices like cameras.
So we'll modify this wireless network name
and this one's gonna be EM-5-BACN.
And again, we'll do WPA2, PSK, AES,
and just set a password in here for now.
Okay. Now this one can do AC because 802.11.AC
only works on five gigahertz frequencies.
All right. A, 802.11 A, 802.11 N and 802.11.AC,
can work on five gigahertz.
Whereas 802.11 B, 802.11 G and 802.11 N also,
can work on 2.4 gigahertz.
And then we select the channel.
And once again, I did analysis for this
and you have some options here
and normally you have eight options
on the five gigahertz frequency.
And for me, the best one is 48.
And again, I'll change the transmit power to low,
and we'll save it.
Okay. It is saved. That is everything.
Now at this point, a good thing to do
is to back up this configuration.
So we'll go to system tools back up and restore.
And then we can back up this
and save a copy of these settings.
And that'll save that as a file automatically
to your download section in Windows.
And so if you ever need to restore
all that configuration work that you did,
you can do that from here.
If for some reason the configuration
is just not working on this device.
You can do a factory restore,
which will bring it back to the original settings.
Just like we showed, it's the same thing
as if you were to do the reset button here.
That was our way of doing this,
which is the only option,
if you don't know the password to get in.
So that's it. We have the laptop configured.
And again, like I said, the laptop could have been
configured in a DHCP fashion.
Would've worked great on that wired connection.
You could even try doing it with a wireless connection,
but again, I like to, especially if I'm gonna set up
other IP networks, I like to set it up
in a static fashion on the laptop.
Like we showed here.
And have those multiple IPs for the IP networks.
All right and then utilize that wireless connection
for anything that I might need to download
or manuals that I might need to look at
or things that I might need to look up like the defaults.
What's the default IP for a particular device
by a manufacturer.
What's the default logins.
That way you have that on your laptop there.
Make use of the wireless connection
and the wired connections in that manner.
If you ever need an upgrade,
chances are it'll show you that
in the upper right hand side here,
but at this point, everything is good.
If we look on our status, everything is good here.
Our wireless is up and running,
for both the 2.4 and the five gigahertz.
And we see that with the icons on here as well.
We also have wired connectivity on the LAN.
Okay, we didn't configure a guest network yet,
but that's pretty easy to do.
And you can connect USB devices as well.
So everything looks good. We're good to go on this.
And the last test is to test it from the laptop.
And so for example, we could do a ping.
To another one of my domains.
Okay. Make sure we get replies from there.
I'm gonna break out of that and you wanna make sure
that works for the wireless connection
and the wired connections.
All right. So that's about it.
That's about it for this video.
Hope you learned something from it.
And again, try to think going a little bit past
just doing all the automatic stuff and all the dynamic,
the DHCP think about going static and learn how to do that.
Connecting from the router to the ISP
and also connecting from the laptop to the router.
You'll learn a lot about the whole process and how it works.
And that's about it for this video.