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- Here we have a table

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of 802.11 Wireless Protocols
that you should know

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for the A+ exams.

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I've broken this table
down into three columns,

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the version, the maximum data rate,

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and frequency.

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And I've separated it into two sections

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with some of the older wireless protocols

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and some of the newer wireless protocols.

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Now all of these are based
on the IEEE 802.11 standard

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and each one is a different
version of that standard.

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So let's take a look at these

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and give an example after we're done.

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And I've listed these
alphabetically by version letter

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and we'll start with 802.11a.

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Maximum data rate is
54 megabits per second.

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The frequency it uses to
transmit data is 5 gigahertz.

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Next is 802.11b.

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That has a maximum data rate
of 11 megabits per second

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which is not nearly enough
for today's applications

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and the streaming of media.

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It sends data on the
2.4 gigahertz frequency.

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Then we have 802.11g,

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which is 54 megabits per second,

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and transmits on 2.4 gigahertz.

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So you probably won't see
these protocols very often

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but let's show an example of them.

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And I'm connected to a typical
wireless access point/router.

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And I'm in the wireless
2.4 gigahertz section.

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So this particular router can send data

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on the 2.4 gigahertz frequency

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and the 5 gigahertz frequency.

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As far as 2.4 goes, we have options here.

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We can work with 802.11 b or g

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or 802.11 b, g, or n.

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But generally this is gonna
be the slower frequency,

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it's gonna have less range

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and so it's less often used.

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Let's go back to our table here

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and take a look at some
of the newer protocols.

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802.11n, which is known as Wi-Fi 4.

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Has a maximum data rate
of 600 megabits per second

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but this can transmit data on
the 2.4 gigahertz frequency

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as we just saw, but also
the 5 gigahertz frequency.

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Next, we have two that are
gonna be much more common

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802.11ac, which is known as Wi-Fi 5,

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has a maximum data rate of
3.5 gigabits per second.

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Can only transmit on 5 gigahertz.

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And then we have 802.11ax,

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which is known as Wi-Fi 6.

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And, in fact, it's broken
down into two sections,

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Wi-Fi 6, which can
transmit on the 5 gigahertz

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and 2.4 gigahertz frequencies

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and also Wi-Fi 6 enhanced,

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or Wi-Fi 6E,

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which can transmit on
the 6 gigahertz frequency

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and the maximum data rate
supported by 802.11ax

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is 9.6 gigabits per second.

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Now the data rates that are listed

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in this table are just potential maximums.

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Typical numbers will be less

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and they're limited by several factors,

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such as interference

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and the distance of your wireless device

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from the transmitter, from
the wireless access point.

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And that becomes more apparent
when you get into the newer

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and more powerful protocols.

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Let's show an example of a couple

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of the newer protocols on 5
gigahertz on our router here.

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And so this wireless access point

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of this router can transmit data on

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802.11 a and n on 5 gigahertz

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or 802.11 a, n, and ac.

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Other routers will be able to do ax.

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Definitely an exam alert here,

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know the frequencies used by each

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of these 802.11 versions.

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Know that, for example,
802.11n can transmit on 5

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and 2.4 gigahertz,

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know that 802.11ac can only
transmit on 5 gigahertz,

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and so on.

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Now, one thing I left out
of this table is coverage

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or distance.

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It's very difficult to put an exact number

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on the maximum wireless
transmission distances

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for any of these standards

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because it depends on the signal strength

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of the wireless access
point's antenna, the use

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of additional features and technologies,

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and also environmental
factors such as obstructions

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and interference.

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But, generally, the rule of thumb is this:

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the wireless range will increase

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with each standard in the table.

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So you're gonna get more distance

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as you progress through these standards.

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And a final note here,

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new technologies are being
developed as of the recording

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of this video that will
use higher frequency ranges

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and can transmit much
more data per seconds.

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Always be on the alert for
emerging networking technologies.

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And so, for example, 802.11be
will most likely become

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the Wi-Fi 7 protocol.

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As of the recording of this
video, it's not definite,

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but that is the proposed standard.

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It's 2022 as of the
recording of this video

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but that most likely will be the case.

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One way or another,
there will be a Wi-Fi 7

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and it can transmit at a
theoretical 40 gigabits per second.

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And it will have the ability
to do the same frequency ranges

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as 802.11ax.

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So always be on the lookout
for new technologies.