- For the first sub lesson of the TCP/IP lesson
I wanna talk about IP version 4.
This is a very, very commonly used protocol for IP networks.
In fact, almost all IP networks utilize it.
It makes use of 32-bit dotted decimal addresses.
Now we gave an example in the past in previous lessons,
one example would be 192.168.1.1.
This is 32-bit because if you convert each of these numbers
from decimal to binary, you'll get 32 bits in total,
eight bits, eight bits, eight bits, and eight bits,
so, in total it's a 32-bit number.
And any of these numbers can be anything
however, most of the time you're gonna have a network on 10
or on 192.168 or on 172.16 or 172.17 and so on,
those are gonna be the most common
and I'll explain why a little bit later
in another sub lesson.
But IP version 4, very common
for all the networks out there really that use TCP/IP
and every computer gets an IP address,
an IP version 4 address,
and it's these individual addresses
that make the distinction between the computers
and allow them to communicate with each other.
On the computer, we're gonna show some IP addresses
in Windows in the IP properties sheet,
and then also show it in the command line
with the iponfig command.
Okay, so we talked about IP version 4,
now I wanna show actual examples of IP version 4
configurations within Windows
and we'll do this within the GUI
within the graphical portion of Windows
in the IP properties sheet, and also in the command line,
we'll do that in the Command Prompt in Windows
and we'll use the ipconfig command to do that.
So let's start with the GUI portion of Windows,
once again, we're gonna go to the Control Panel
and Network and Sharing, from there we're gonna go
to the Change adapter settings link
and then in Network Connections,
you'll see we have multiple connections here,
we've seen this wifi connection in previous sub lessons
but this time we're gonna go with the ethernet connection.
And the name ethernet is the default name
that Windows 8 gives to a wired connection
and that's what I wanna look at.
I actually have connections out to two networks,
I have the Wi-Fi connection,
which is going out to the wireless obviously,
but a separate network with the SOHO router
with the ethernet connection.
So to view the details of the IP properties,
we're gonna right-click that and go to properties,
that brings up the ethernet properties dialogue box,
we'll scroll down and go to Internet Protocol Version 4
and then go to properties over here
and that brings up the IP properties sheet.
And here we see that we have static information,
we have information that was manually entered by me
and so it says, use the following IP address.
This is in contrast to obtaining an IP address automatically
from a DHCP server which is what a client computer
normally does because it's easy,
it automates the process but as a tech,
you might have the need to have a static IP on your system.
You know, for example, my wireless connection over here
that obtains an IP address automatically
but this connection is different,
I use it for a lot of testing and for demonstrating things
like static IP addresses.
Keep in mind also, you might use static IP addresses
for servers and routers and maybe even printers
and some other devices where you don't want
the IP address to change.
When you obtain an IP address automatically,
you get a lease from a DHCP server
and that can change over time,
the lease maybe for seven days, maybe for 30 days,
but if you set it to static
and select use the following IP address,
this information remains, it's permanent.
So, what do we have?
We have the IP address and that is 10.254.254.204,
that is the number of this computer,
it identifies this computer on the network.
We also have the subnet mask, 255.255.255.0,
the 255 tell us the network portion of the IP address.
They correspond to that, so the network portion of the IP
is 10.254.254, the zero in the subnet mask corresponds
to the host portion or the individual computer portion
of the IP address, and that's 204.
We also see the default gateway
and that is the device that allows all the computers
on the local area network access out to the internet.
And this address is almost always on the same IP network
as your client computer.
And in this case, it's 10.254.254.1.
We also have the DNS server information,
it's the same device,
it's the same device as the gateway,
it's a basic four-port SOHO router
all in one multifunction network device.
So you get all this nice information here
and you can modify it, if you need to, manually,
or if you need to, you could obtain
an IP address automatically from a DHCP server,
which would blank that info out.
And in fact you can obtain DNS server information
automatically as well.
We don't want that, I want the static information,
so I'll cancel out of this window
and if we go back to the IP 4 properties,
you'll see it has returned.
If you ever make changes here, by the way,
you should click on Validate settings upon exit,
and that'll do a quick test and if it doesn't work,
it'll bring the window back up.
Now, that's the GUI portion,
let's move on to the Command Prompt portion.
We'll open up the Command Prompt now
and I have that here in my task bar
but another quick way to open that
is to go to the keyboard and use a shortcut key
and I love using this,
the Windows and R key will bring up the Run prompt.
And from there you can run anything in Windows
and it's great to use the run prompt
because, you know you, have lots of different versions
of Windows out there and the navigation
to different applications and settings within Windows
can be different from one version of Windows to the next.
But the Run prompt is the same across the board,
you press the Windows key and R and it brings up Run
and then you can run whatever commands you want
or applications, in this case, the Command Prompt
which we want, and that's cmd.exe
or you could just type CMD, you know, press Enter
and that brings up our Command Prompt.
From here, we're gonna type the ipconfig command
which will show us essentially the same information
that we saw in the IP property sheet.
So we'll do that now, ipconfig and press Enter
and we could see our different network connections.
Here's our wireless connection, the IP address,
which was obtained automatically, the subnet mask,
and the default gateway.
And then our wired connection which is, again,
by default called ethernet in Windows 8
and that is our IP address which we saw,
subnet mask and default gateway.
Now, we don't see the DNS server.
If you wanna see additional information
about your IP configuration,
then you wanna do an ipconfig space slash all.
And we'll do that now, I'll just clear the screen
and it's gonna be ipconfig space /all and press Enter
and we get a ton more information here.
For example, if we go up to the wireless connection
that's this over here, we see the DHCP info,
we see the DHCP server we're connecting to,
the DNS servers and the same holds true
for the wired connection down here,
we see a lot more information,
starting with a description of the card
and the physical address,
this is also known as the MAC address.
This is a hexadecimal six-octet number
which is individual to each network adapter out there,
each one is unique.
You'll notice here it says DHCP enabled,
no, because we have a static IP address,
we configured this IP address ourselves or manually
and here's that IP address, subnet mask, gateway,
but also the additional info we have the DNS servers
or server in this case.
So, if you wanna see more information
about your network connection, run an ipconfig /all.
And really that's the best way to go,
if you're troubleshooting a system,
that's one of the first things you wanna do,
ipconfig /all so you can find out what's happening.
What is the TCP/IP configuration here?
Now, what I wanna do is I wanna show an actual connection
from one system to another and to show a basic connection
from one IP address to another,
we're gonna use the ping commands.
And the ping command allows you to check connectivity
to another host on the network,
a host being any computer or device with an IP address.
And so what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna do that
through the wireless connection
and connect to the default gateway 10.102.80.1.
So we'll clear this out and we'll run that ping now,
it's just p-i-n-g, that's the ping command,
space and the IP address we wanna connect to
which is 10.102.80.1.
Press Enter and we get replies, replies are good,
that's what we want,
that means that that device is live.
This computer can see that device,
it can see the gateway, we're getting replies
so we know that our network connection is working properly.
And you can ping just about anything,
you can ping other computers, anything with an IP address,
the gateway, routers, websites on the internet, you name it,
and that gets more into the 220-902 exam
but it's fun little commands to play around with,
a great testing tool and a great troubleshooting tool.
And by the way, when you're working in a Command Prompt,
simple commands like ipconfig and ping
can be run with no problem
but when you get into more advanced commands,
you'll need to run the Command Prompt in elevated mode,
as an administrator.
And to do that, we would have our Command Prompt
either an icon or a link somewhere
and we'd right click that guy and then right click
the Command Prompt and then select Run as administrator.
And when we do that, User Account Control comes up,
we'll say yes, and then you'll see
basically the same window,
but with a different path drops you in system32 by default,
and up here it'll say, Administrator,
we're running this as an administrator
and you have to have administrative rights
on the computer to do this by the way
but now you can run any command out there.
So, little tip for you on the elevated mode
of the Command Prompt, this one here
is the regular mode just shows the path
that the Command Prompt runs from.
So, what I'd like you to do
is go on your computers and try this as well,
check out the IP configuration of your network adapter
or adapters, and do this in the GUI,
do it in the graphical portion within the IP property sheet
and also do it within the Command Prompt
with the ipconfig and the ipconfig /all commands.
And if you have some time,
do a little test with the ping command as well
and go and ping your gateway address
or other computers or servers, if you wish.
And that wraps up this sub lesson on IP version 4.