1 00:00:07,249 --> 00:00:11,160 - For the first sub lesson of the TCP/IP lesson 2 00:00:11,160 --> 00:00:13,620 I wanna talk about IP version 4. 3 00:00:13,620 --> 00:00:18,620 This is a very, very commonly used protocol for IP networks. 4 00:00:20,070 --> 00:00:22,740 In fact, almost all IP networks utilize it. 5 00:00:22,740 --> 00:00:27,740 It makes use of 32-bit dotted decimal addresses. 6 00:00:28,827 --> 00:00:32,700 Now we gave an example in the past in previous lessons, 7 00:00:32,700 --> 00:00:37,700 one example would be 192.168.1.1. 8 00:00:37,830 --> 00:00:42,570 This is 32-bit because if you convert each of these numbers 9 00:00:42,570 --> 00:00:47,570 from decimal to binary, you'll get 32 bits in total, 10 00:00:47,790 --> 00:00:50,490 eight bits, eight bits, eight bits, and eight bits, 11 00:00:50,490 --> 00:00:53,820 so, in total it's a 32-bit number. 12 00:00:53,820 --> 00:00:56,460 And any of these numbers can be anything 13 00:00:56,460 --> 00:01:01,460 however, most of the time you're gonna have a network on 10 14 00:01:02,940 --> 00:01:07,940 or on 192.168 or on 172.16 or 172.17 and so on, 15 00:01:11,250 --> 00:01:12,330 those are gonna be the most common 16 00:01:12,330 --> 00:01:14,070 and I'll explain why a little bit later 17 00:01:14,070 --> 00:01:16,110 in another sub lesson. 18 00:01:16,110 --> 00:01:18,990 But IP version 4, very common 19 00:01:18,990 --> 00:01:23,990 for all the networks out there really that use TCP/IP 20 00:01:24,240 --> 00:01:27,750 and every computer gets an IP address, 21 00:01:27,750 --> 00:01:29,640 an IP version 4 address, 22 00:01:29,640 --> 00:01:32,250 and it's these individual addresses 23 00:01:32,250 --> 00:01:35,430 that make the distinction between the computers 24 00:01:35,430 --> 00:01:38,400 and allow them to communicate with each other. 25 00:01:38,400 --> 00:01:41,490 On the computer, we're gonna show some IP addresses 26 00:01:41,490 --> 00:01:44,250 in Windows in the IP properties sheet, 27 00:01:44,250 --> 00:01:46,320 and then also show it in the command line 28 00:01:46,320 --> 00:01:47,763 with the iponfig command. 29 00:01:49,170 --> 00:01:51,750 Okay, so we talked about IP version 4, 30 00:01:51,750 --> 00:01:55,680 now I wanna show actual examples of IP version 4 31 00:01:55,680 --> 00:01:57,840 configurations within Windows 32 00:01:57,840 --> 00:01:59,700 and we'll do this within the GUI 33 00:01:59,700 --> 00:02:01,530 within the graphical portion of Windows 34 00:02:01,530 --> 00:02:05,280 in the IP properties sheet, and also in the command line, 35 00:02:05,280 --> 00:02:07,830 we'll do that in the Command Prompt in Windows 36 00:02:07,830 --> 00:02:10,650 and we'll use the ipconfig command to do that. 37 00:02:10,650 --> 00:02:12,870 So let's start with the GUI portion of Windows, 38 00:02:12,870 --> 00:02:14,670 once again, we're gonna go to the Control Panel 39 00:02:14,670 --> 00:02:19,650 and Network and Sharing, from there we're gonna go 40 00:02:19,650 --> 00:02:22,720 to the Change adapter settings link 41 00:02:24,330 --> 00:02:26,250 and then in Network Connections, 42 00:02:26,250 --> 00:02:29,040 you'll see we have multiple connections here, 43 00:02:29,040 --> 00:02:32,760 we've seen this wifi connection in previous sub lessons 44 00:02:32,760 --> 00:02:35,910 but this time we're gonna go with the ethernet connection. 45 00:02:35,910 --> 00:02:38,700 And the name ethernet is the default name 46 00:02:38,700 --> 00:02:42,300 that Windows 8 gives to a wired connection 47 00:02:42,300 --> 00:02:43,500 and that's what I wanna look at. 48 00:02:43,500 --> 00:02:46,290 I actually have connections out to two networks, 49 00:02:46,290 --> 00:02:48,750 I have the Wi-Fi connection, 50 00:02:48,750 --> 00:02:50,910 which is going out to the wireless obviously, 51 00:02:50,910 --> 00:02:53,400 but a separate network with the SOHO router 52 00:02:53,400 --> 00:02:54,850 with the ethernet connection. 53 00:02:55,860 --> 00:02:58,860 So to view the details of the IP properties, 54 00:02:58,860 --> 00:03:02,010 we're gonna right-click that and go to properties, 55 00:03:02,010 --> 00:03:05,820 that brings up the ethernet properties dialogue box, 56 00:03:05,820 --> 00:03:10,410 we'll scroll down and go to Internet Protocol Version 4 57 00:03:10,410 --> 00:03:12,520 and then go to properties over here 58 00:03:14,280 --> 00:03:16,443 and that brings up the IP properties sheet. 59 00:03:17,310 --> 00:03:20,430 And here we see that we have static information, 60 00:03:20,430 --> 00:03:23,850 we have information that was manually entered by me 61 00:03:23,850 --> 00:03:27,690 and so it says, use the following IP address. 62 00:03:27,690 --> 00:03:32,690 This is in contrast to obtaining an IP address automatically 63 00:03:32,730 --> 00:03:35,970 from a DHCP server which is what a client computer 64 00:03:35,970 --> 00:03:37,830 normally does because it's easy, 65 00:03:37,830 --> 00:03:41,760 it automates the process but as a tech, 66 00:03:41,760 --> 00:03:46,760 you might have the need to have a static IP on your system. 67 00:03:47,040 --> 00:03:51,120 You know, for example, my wireless connection over here 68 00:03:51,120 --> 00:03:53,730 that obtains an IP address automatically 69 00:03:53,730 --> 00:03:55,530 but this connection is different, 70 00:03:55,530 --> 00:03:58,410 I use it for a lot of testing and for demonstrating things 71 00:03:58,410 --> 00:04:00,570 like static IP addresses. 72 00:04:00,570 --> 00:04:03,360 Keep in mind also, you might use static IP addresses 73 00:04:03,360 --> 00:04:08,010 for servers and routers and maybe even printers 74 00:04:08,010 --> 00:04:10,440 and some other devices where you don't want 75 00:04:10,440 --> 00:04:13,170 the IP address to change. 76 00:04:13,170 --> 00:04:15,150 When you obtain an IP address automatically, 77 00:04:15,150 --> 00:04:17,250 you get a lease from a DHCP server 78 00:04:17,250 --> 00:04:19,410 and that can change over time, 79 00:04:19,410 --> 00:04:23,130 the lease maybe for seven days, maybe for 30 days, 80 00:04:23,130 --> 00:04:24,540 but if you set it to static 81 00:04:24,540 --> 00:04:27,630 and select use the following IP address, 82 00:04:27,630 --> 00:04:30,510 this information remains, it's permanent. 83 00:04:30,510 --> 00:04:31,740 So, what do we have? 84 00:04:31,740 --> 00:04:36,473 We have the IP address and that is 10.254.254.204, 85 00:04:38,310 --> 00:04:39,990 that is the number of this computer, 86 00:04:39,990 --> 00:04:43,140 it identifies this computer on the network. 87 00:04:43,140 --> 00:04:47,010 We also have the subnet mask, 255.255.255.0, 88 00:04:47,010 --> 00:04:52,010 the 255 tell us the network portion of the IP address. 89 00:04:52,800 --> 00:04:55,950 They correspond to that, so the network portion of the IP 90 00:04:55,950 --> 00:05:00,950 is 10.254.254, the zero in the subnet mask corresponds 91 00:05:01,650 --> 00:05:06,390 to the host portion or the individual computer portion 92 00:05:06,390 --> 00:05:09,093 of the IP address, and that's 204. 93 00:05:10,770 --> 00:05:12,870 We also see the default gateway 94 00:05:12,870 --> 00:05:15,960 and that is the device that allows all the computers 95 00:05:15,960 --> 00:05:19,050 on the local area network access out to the internet. 96 00:05:19,050 --> 00:05:23,700 And this address is almost always on the same IP network 97 00:05:23,700 --> 00:05:25,620 as your client computer. 98 00:05:25,620 --> 00:05:29,103 And in this case, it's 10.254.254.1. 99 00:05:30,150 --> 00:05:32,100 We also have the DNS server information, 100 00:05:32,100 --> 00:05:33,330 it's the same device, 101 00:05:33,330 --> 00:05:34,860 it's the same device as the gateway, 102 00:05:34,860 --> 00:05:37,380 it's a basic four-port SOHO router 103 00:05:37,380 --> 00:05:40,920 all in one multifunction network device. 104 00:05:40,920 --> 00:05:43,080 So you get all this nice information here 105 00:05:43,080 --> 00:05:46,350 and you can modify it, if you need to, manually, 106 00:05:46,350 --> 00:05:47,880 or if you need to, you could obtain 107 00:05:47,880 --> 00:05:50,400 an IP address automatically from a DHCP server, 108 00:05:50,400 --> 00:05:52,470 which would blank that info out. 109 00:05:52,470 --> 00:05:54,930 And in fact you can obtain DNS server information 110 00:05:54,930 --> 00:05:56,460 automatically as well. 111 00:05:56,460 --> 00:05:58,920 We don't want that, I want the static information, 112 00:05:58,920 --> 00:06:00,580 so I'll cancel out of this window 113 00:06:02,220 --> 00:06:05,070 and if we go back to the IP 4 properties, 114 00:06:05,070 --> 00:06:06,603 you'll see it has returned. 115 00:06:07,830 --> 00:06:09,963 If you ever make changes here, by the way, 116 00:06:11,130 --> 00:06:13,560 you should click on Validate settings upon exit, 117 00:06:13,560 --> 00:06:16,260 and that'll do a quick test and if it doesn't work, 118 00:06:16,260 --> 00:06:18,270 it'll bring the window back up. 119 00:06:18,270 --> 00:06:20,520 Now, that's the GUI portion, 120 00:06:20,520 --> 00:06:23,370 let's move on to the Command Prompt portion. 121 00:06:23,370 --> 00:06:25,050 We'll open up the Command Prompt now 122 00:06:25,050 --> 00:06:27,600 and I have that here in my task bar 123 00:06:27,600 --> 00:06:29,370 but another quick way to open that 124 00:06:29,370 --> 00:06:33,570 is to go to the keyboard and use a shortcut key 125 00:06:33,570 --> 00:06:34,860 and I love using this, 126 00:06:34,860 --> 00:06:39,450 the Windows and R key will bring up the Run prompt. 127 00:06:39,450 --> 00:06:42,540 And from there you can run anything in Windows 128 00:06:42,540 --> 00:06:44,640 and it's great to use the run prompt 129 00:06:44,640 --> 00:06:47,820 because, you know you, have lots of different versions 130 00:06:47,820 --> 00:06:51,030 of Windows out there and the navigation 131 00:06:51,030 --> 00:06:55,860 to different applications and settings within Windows 132 00:06:55,860 --> 00:06:58,920 can be different from one version of Windows to the next. 133 00:06:58,920 --> 00:07:02,400 But the Run prompt is the same across the board, 134 00:07:02,400 --> 00:07:05,610 you press the Windows key and R and it brings up Run 135 00:07:05,610 --> 00:07:07,770 and then you can run whatever commands you want 136 00:07:07,770 --> 00:07:10,320 or applications, in this case, the Command Prompt 137 00:07:10,320 --> 00:07:13,470 which we want, and that's cmd.exe 138 00:07:13,470 --> 00:07:16,440 or you could just type CMD, you know, press Enter 139 00:07:16,440 --> 00:07:18,453 and that brings up our Command Prompt. 140 00:07:19,380 --> 00:07:22,680 From here, we're gonna type the ipconfig command 141 00:07:22,680 --> 00:07:24,660 which will show us essentially the same information 142 00:07:24,660 --> 00:07:26,850 that we saw in the IP property sheet. 143 00:07:26,850 --> 00:07:30,460 So we'll do that now, ipconfig and press Enter 144 00:07:32,310 --> 00:07:34,290 and we could see our different network connections. 145 00:07:34,290 --> 00:07:38,400 Here's our wireless connection, the IP address, 146 00:07:38,400 --> 00:07:41,070 which was obtained automatically, the subnet mask, 147 00:07:41,070 --> 00:07:42,510 and the default gateway. 148 00:07:42,510 --> 00:07:45,840 And then our wired connection which is, again, 149 00:07:45,840 --> 00:07:48,990 by default called ethernet in Windows 8 150 00:07:48,990 --> 00:07:52,680 and that is our IP address which we saw, 151 00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:55,470 subnet mask and default gateway. 152 00:07:55,470 --> 00:07:57,600 Now, we don't see the DNS server. 153 00:07:57,600 --> 00:07:59,940 If you wanna see additional information 154 00:07:59,940 --> 00:08:02,730 about your IP configuration, 155 00:08:02,730 --> 00:08:06,180 then you wanna do an ipconfig space slash all. 156 00:08:06,180 --> 00:08:09,120 And we'll do that now, I'll just clear the screen 157 00:08:09,120 --> 00:08:14,120 and it's gonna be ipconfig space /all and press Enter 158 00:08:16,350 --> 00:08:18,693 and we get a ton more information here. 159 00:08:20,610 --> 00:08:23,190 For example, if we go up to the wireless connection 160 00:08:23,190 --> 00:08:28,110 that's this over here, we see the DHCP info, 161 00:08:28,110 --> 00:08:31,050 we see the DHCP server we're connecting to, 162 00:08:31,050 --> 00:08:33,870 the DNS servers and the same holds true 163 00:08:33,870 --> 00:08:36,390 for the wired connection down here, 164 00:08:36,390 --> 00:08:39,060 we see a lot more information, 165 00:08:39,060 --> 00:08:41,670 starting with a description of the card 166 00:08:41,670 --> 00:08:43,320 and the physical address, 167 00:08:43,320 --> 00:08:46,113 this is also known as the MAC address. 168 00:08:47,280 --> 00:08:51,120 This is a hexadecimal six-octet number 169 00:08:51,120 --> 00:08:53,820 which is individual to each network adapter out there, 170 00:08:53,820 --> 00:08:55,770 each one is unique. 171 00:08:55,770 --> 00:08:57,690 You'll notice here it says DHCP enabled, 172 00:08:57,690 --> 00:09:01,350 no, because we have a static IP address, 173 00:09:01,350 --> 00:09:05,490 we configured this IP address ourselves or manually 174 00:09:05,490 --> 00:09:08,700 and here's that IP address, subnet mask, gateway, 175 00:09:08,700 --> 00:09:11,970 but also the additional info we have the DNS servers 176 00:09:11,970 --> 00:09:13,860 or server in this case. 177 00:09:13,860 --> 00:09:15,870 So, if you wanna see more information 178 00:09:15,870 --> 00:09:20,700 about your network connection, run an ipconfig /all. 179 00:09:20,700 --> 00:09:24,150 And really that's the best way to go, 180 00:09:24,150 --> 00:09:25,770 if you're troubleshooting a system, 181 00:09:25,770 --> 00:09:27,510 that's one of the first things you wanna do, 182 00:09:27,510 --> 00:09:30,420 ipconfig /all so you can find out what's happening. 183 00:09:30,420 --> 00:09:33,480 What is the TCP/IP configuration here? 184 00:09:33,480 --> 00:09:38,480 Now, what I wanna do is I wanna show an actual connection 185 00:09:38,940 --> 00:09:42,210 from one system to another and to show a basic connection 186 00:09:42,210 --> 00:09:43,920 from one IP address to another, 187 00:09:43,920 --> 00:09:46,140 we're gonna use the ping commands. 188 00:09:46,140 --> 00:09:49,650 And the ping command allows you to check connectivity 189 00:09:49,650 --> 00:09:52,500 to another host on the network, 190 00:09:52,500 --> 00:09:55,860 a host being any computer or device with an IP address. 191 00:09:55,860 --> 00:09:57,630 And so what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna do that 192 00:09:57,630 --> 00:09:59,340 through the wireless connection 193 00:09:59,340 --> 00:10:04,050 and connect to the default gateway 10.102.80.1. 194 00:10:04,050 --> 00:10:08,160 So we'll clear this out and we'll run that ping now, 195 00:10:08,160 --> 00:10:11,430 it's just p-i-n-g, that's the ping command, 196 00:10:11,430 --> 00:10:14,010 space and the IP address we wanna connect to 197 00:10:14,010 --> 00:10:17,733 which is 10.102.80.1. 198 00:10:19,170 --> 00:10:22,860 Press Enter and we get replies, replies are good, 199 00:10:22,860 --> 00:10:23,760 that's what we want, 200 00:10:23,760 --> 00:10:27,060 that means that that device is live. 201 00:10:27,060 --> 00:10:29,670 This computer can see that device, 202 00:10:29,670 --> 00:10:32,010 it can see the gateway, we're getting replies 203 00:10:32,010 --> 00:10:35,880 so we know that our network connection is working properly. 204 00:10:35,880 --> 00:10:37,620 And you can ping just about anything, 205 00:10:37,620 --> 00:10:40,470 you can ping other computers, anything with an IP address, 206 00:10:40,470 --> 00:10:45,150 the gateway, routers, websites on the internet, you name it, 207 00:10:45,150 --> 00:10:49,500 and that gets more into the 220-902 exam 208 00:10:49,500 --> 00:10:52,230 but it's fun little commands to play around with, 209 00:10:52,230 --> 00:10:55,323 a great testing tool and a great troubleshooting tool. 210 00:10:56,550 --> 00:10:59,640 And by the way, when you're working in a Command Prompt, 211 00:10:59,640 --> 00:11:03,390 simple commands like ipconfig and ping 212 00:11:03,390 --> 00:11:05,460 can be run with no problem 213 00:11:05,460 --> 00:11:08,280 but when you get into more advanced commands, 214 00:11:08,280 --> 00:11:11,250 you'll need to run the Command Prompt in elevated mode, 215 00:11:11,250 --> 00:11:12,810 as an administrator. 216 00:11:12,810 --> 00:11:15,510 And to do that, we would have our Command Prompt 217 00:11:15,510 --> 00:11:17,880 either an icon or a link somewhere 218 00:11:17,880 --> 00:11:21,150 and we'd right click that guy and then right click 219 00:11:21,150 --> 00:11:25,800 the Command Prompt and then select Run as administrator. 220 00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:28,770 And when we do that, User Account Control comes up, 221 00:11:28,770 --> 00:11:30,720 we'll say yes, and then you'll see 222 00:11:30,720 --> 00:11:32,250 basically the same window, 223 00:11:32,250 --> 00:11:37,020 but with a different path drops you in system32 by default, 224 00:11:37,020 --> 00:11:39,180 and up here it'll say, Administrator, 225 00:11:39,180 --> 00:11:41,310 we're running this as an administrator 226 00:11:41,310 --> 00:11:42,840 and you have to have administrative rights 227 00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:44,640 on the computer to do this by the way 228 00:11:44,640 --> 00:11:47,133 but now you can run any command out there. 229 00:11:48,150 --> 00:11:50,670 So, little tip for you on the elevated mode 230 00:11:50,670 --> 00:11:53,460 of the Command Prompt, this one here 231 00:11:53,460 --> 00:11:55,650 is the regular mode just shows the path 232 00:11:55,650 --> 00:11:58,680 that the Command Prompt runs from. 233 00:11:58,680 --> 00:12:01,230 So, what I'd like you to do 234 00:12:01,230 --> 00:12:04,380 is go on your computers and try this as well, 235 00:12:04,380 --> 00:12:08,430 check out the IP configuration of your network adapter 236 00:12:08,430 --> 00:12:11,610 or adapters, and do this in the GUI, 237 00:12:11,610 --> 00:12:14,940 do it in the graphical portion within the IP property sheet 238 00:12:14,940 --> 00:12:17,370 and also do it within the Command Prompt 239 00:12:17,370 --> 00:12:21,600 with the ipconfig and the ipconfig /all commands. 240 00:12:21,600 --> 00:12:24,060 And if you have some time, 241 00:12:24,060 --> 00:12:26,820 do a little test with the ping command as well 242 00:12:26,820 --> 00:12:28,740 and go and ping your gateway address 243 00:12:28,740 --> 00:12:32,070 or other computers or servers, if you wish. 244 00:12:32,070 --> 00:12:35,553 And that wraps up this sub lesson on IP version 4.