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- Okay, now let's talk about IP version 6

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and make a little
comparison to IP version 4.

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IP version 6 is the newer IP protocol,

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and this alleviates a lot of
the issues with IP version 4.

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Now an IP version 6 address
is gonna be 128-bit.

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So it's a huge number.

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You have lots of permutations
when it comes to IP version 6,

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somewhere in the range of 340 undecillion.

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Right.

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So 128-bit number it's huge.

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There's tons of ability to
add addresses in this range.

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In addition,

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IP version 6 is gonna display its,

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the numbers, the addresses
themselves in hexadecimal

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The hexadecimal numbering system.

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So you might see something like,

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FE80 and a lot of other
numbers and letters,

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because it's a hexadecimal number.

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Now let's compare this to
IP version 4 a little bit.

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With IP version 4,

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you only have the 32-bit addresses.

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And that was the main
problem with IP version 4,

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this limited amount of addresses.

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In a 32-bit system,

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you're limited to about
4 billion addresses.

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And you might say, well,
that sounds like a lot,

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but they're all pretty much used up.

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And if you think of
all the mobile devices,

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and the internet of things,

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and all the computers in the
world, and phones, and tablets,

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you can understand why
all those would be gone.

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That's one of the reasons that

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to make the jump to IP version 6,

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as a society,

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so that we can have more addresses.

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But the other comparison here,

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we were using the
decimal numbering system,

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instead of hexadecimal.

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So as we mentioned before,

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you might see an address like 192.168.1.1,

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the regular decimal system.

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Now, another thing about IP version 6

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is it can do larger data packets,

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larger data packets in
comparison to IP version 4,

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which is limited to only
1,500 bytes or thereabouts.

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This could do a lot more.

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It can really do up to 64K,

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it depends on the system that you have.

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And finally, IP version 6
can also be more secure,

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if it's set up properly.

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That's not a given,

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it's all how the network
administrator sets up IP version 6

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and configures it.

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There is ways to secure IP version 4,

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but there's additional ways
to secure IP version 6,

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and better ways.

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The comparison between the two,

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IP version 6 allows a ton more addresses,

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because it uses a 128-bit system

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in comparison to IP
version 4's 32-bit system.

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It's a hexadecimal number.

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You'll see something like FE80,

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that's an internal private
IP address in IP version 6.

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And that's in comparison to IP version 4's

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decimal numbers like 192.168.1.1.

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IP version 6 can have larger data packets,

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as opposed to IP version 4,

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which is limited to around 1,500 bytes.

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And IP version 6 can be more secure.

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Now we're gonna go ahead to Windows

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and show IP version 6 in
the IP properties sheet

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in the Windows GUI,

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and also in the command line.

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So we've talked about IP version 6

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and given you some of the basics about it.

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Now let's show IP version 6
configurations in Windows.

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We'll show it in the GUI
and in the command line,

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kind of like how we did with IP version 4.

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So we'll start with the Windows portion,

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and we're gonna go back to our
Network Connections window,

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and go to the Ethernet network adapter,

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right-click and go to Properties.

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And that brings up the
Ethernet Properties.

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But this time, we're
gonna go to IP version 6,

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and go to Properties button here.

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That brings up the IP 6 property sheet.

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And you can see that this network adapter

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is using a statically
assigned IP version 6 address,

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that I have entered,

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it's 2001:7120:0:8001::1f10.

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So that's the IP version 6 address.

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Remember these are 128-bit
hexadecimal numbers.

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Now you may say,

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well, that doesn't look
like it has enough digits,

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and there are digits missing,

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and that's because the
address is truncated.

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You could do two types of truncating

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when it comes to IP version 6.

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You can take a group of four zeros,

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and turn them into one
zero as we have right here,

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because zero is zero.

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I don't care how many zeros
you have there, it's a zero.

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The other way you can truncate it is

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by having a double colon.

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And a double colon can take the place of

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four zeros plus another set
or multiple sets of four zeros

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that would normally be
separated by colons.

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So really what this address is,

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is
2001:7120:0000:8001:0000:0000:0000:1f10,

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so that would be the whole address,

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but this is automatically gonna truncate

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within the IP property sheet.

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So it's just a little bit easier to read.

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The subnet prefix is 64 bits long,

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and that is half of the address.

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That's basically 2001712000008001.

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And we also have a default gateway,

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which is on the same network,

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but this guy is using
1ab7 instead of 1f10.

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And remember IP version 6 addresses,

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they're so huge, we can't use
the decimal numbering system,

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we have to use the
hexadecimal numbering system.

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So you see numbers as well as
letters within those digits.

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So that's IP version 6.

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Now, again, if you're
on a client computer,

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you would normally just obtain
the IP address automatically

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and get that from either the local system

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or from a DHCP server.

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And I'll explain more
about that in a minute.

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So that's the IP
properties in the GUI side.

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Let's take a look in the command line now,

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and we'll bring up a command prompt again.

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And to see the IP version 6 stuff,

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we have to do an ipconfig/all,

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like we did previously.

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So we'll do that now.

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Get tons of information.

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And we'll go up to the
wireless adapter first.

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And you'll see here,

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what's known as a Link-local
IP version 6 Address.

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And that starts with fe80.

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And we talked about that,

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that is a common private address.

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Fe80, fe90, fea0 and feb0,

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all four of those ranges,

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anything that starts with
any one of those four

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is gonna be a link local
IP version 6 address,

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which may or may not be
self-assigned by the computer

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and is considered private.

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It's a private IP address.

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So this is our IP version
6 for the wireless card.

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But if we go down to our ethernet card,

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we'll see two addresses.

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First of all a Link-local
private IP address was assigned,

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also on fe80.

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But here we have the address that we did,

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and you can see it's truncated,

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so you can see this a
little bit better here.

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This, anything that starts with 2001

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is gonna be a public IPv6 address.

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So, you know, normally you
wouldn't run that on your laptop,

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but I'm showing this for
demonstrative purposes

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to show something that you would see,

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for say, a server.

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A server might run with
this type of address

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and it would be a public address
or internet-facing address

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that anyone around the world could access.

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So there we have some
IP version 6 for you.

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That's about it for this sub lesson.

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You should go and check this stuff out

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on your system as always.

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Check out whether or not you have

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any IP version 6 addresses,

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and take a look in the IP property sheet,

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and also in the command line.