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- [Instructor] Let's talk
about ESD prevention.

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Now, a little disclaimer first.

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This video deals with electricity,

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so if you are not sure
of what you're doing,

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consult with a licensed
electrician to help you.

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Now, the best way to
avoid static electricity

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and to discharge it

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is to use an antistatic wrist strap,

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so you gotta have one of these.

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And in a pinch,

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you can get away with
connecting one of these

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with the alligator clip

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to a large item of metal.

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Could be the chassis of a computer case,

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an unpainted portion of that.

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Just connect it, and then
you're discharging to the case.

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And usually, that won't
damage the equipment.

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It's not the best way to do
it, but in a pinch, it's good.

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And you can also touch the
chassis with your hands,

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and you really should do that all the time

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before you handle any equipment.

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That could be very helpful
if you're working on a PC.

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Now, we're talking about doing this

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for the small office, the home office,

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doing this on your own.

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In a large environment,
in a lab environment,

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you're gonna have all kinds

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of electrostatic discharge protection,

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for example, coats and shoes

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and a specific environment.

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So there's a lot to it.

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This is for the average person
that's trying to do this.

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So the antistatic wrist strap is a must.

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You really wanna have this.

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And in a pinch,

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it can work by itself
with the computer case,

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but the better way to do this
is to properly ground yourself

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and have the static
electricity flow away from you

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and out to ground.

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So one way to do this is
to use a device like this.

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This is a common point ground connector.

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And this is both ends
that I'm showing here,

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and it's about a 10-foot cable.

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But what we do is we put
on our antistatic strap.

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So we have the strap portion here.

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Put that on our wrist, connect the cable,

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and connect the other end to this.

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Now, generally, you have
this alligator clip,

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which again I'm saying you can
use this on a computer case,

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and it sort of works,

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but it's best to take
this off and connect it

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to one of these common
point ground connectors.

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So we plug it in here,

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and this way, the static
electricity is gonna flow

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away from us, through
the anti-static strap,

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through here, through
the cable, to the plug.

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And the idea is we plug
this into an AC outlet.

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Now, this is where it gets
important to be very safe.

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You wanna make sure the AC
outlet is wired properly.

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So if you're not sure what to do,

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hire an electrician who is licensed

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and have them test that outlet.

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They can test it with a circuit analyzer.

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Make sure that they
have a circuit analyzer

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and that they will certify and stipulate

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to the fact that the
outlet is wired properly

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to an electrical panel.

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But you can test these yourself as well.

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You can use a receptacle tester.

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If you do, you wanna make sure
that both yellows are lit.

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Any other configuration, and
it's not gonna be correct.

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The outlet won't be correct.

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And it could be potentially
hazardous, right?

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Because you don't wanna have
the hot and the ground reversed

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'cause that could actually
send electricity back to you.

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Or the neutral and the ground reversed.

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You also don't want the hot
and the neutral reversed

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because when that happens,
the ground is ineffective.

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So you have to be very careful with this

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and make sure it is wired correctly.

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You could do that.

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You could check that with
your receptacle tester.

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You can also check with a multi-meter.

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And of course, you can
use a circuit analyzer,

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but those are expensive.

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If you're not sure what you're
doing, hire an electrician.

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Have them check it for you
with a proper circuit analyzer.

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Once you're sure that your
outlet is wired properly,

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then you would plug this in.

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And the idea is that
the static electricity

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flows through here,
through this ground plug,

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out through the ground wire,

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and out to the electrical
panel and out to actual ground.

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However that works.

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The idea is you wanna make
sure you're connecting this

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to a properly grounded outlet.

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Now, instead of having the electricity

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flow into the computer case
or just who knows where,

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now the static electricity
from the buildup from your body

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is going through here, through this,

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out to the end of the
cable, out to the outlet,

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and out to proper ground.

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So that's why that's the
best way to do this, right?

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So...

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But before we can
actually accomplish this,

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we have to test some things.

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Okay, first thing we need
to test is this plug itself.

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We wanna make sure that we have continuity

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from here to here,

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from any of these ports
that we can plug into

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to the grounding plug.

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So we'll use our multi-meter for this.

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And we'll set this to impedance, to ohms,

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and we'll test each of these
for continuity to this.

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So we'll plug one lead
into one of these ports,

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and the other end's here.

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And you can see we're at...

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Well, it's not a good connection.

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Let's see.

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There we go.

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You see we're at 0.2, sometimes 0.3 ohms.

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That's what we want, right around 0.2.

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And we'll do that for each of
these ports that are on here.

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Here's the top right one.

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0.2.

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Bottom.

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Make sure we have a proper connection.

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0.1, 0.2.

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So that's all good.

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You can even test these across each other.

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Good.

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And you can do it with sound
if you wanted to as well,

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to test for that continuity.

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(shrill beep)

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Good.

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(shrill beep)

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Good.

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(shrill beep)

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Good.

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But really what you wanna do is make sure

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you're down as close to zero as possible.

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For example, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3.

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Those are all good as far
as the impedance goes.

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Okay, so we'll plug this in.

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The plug looks good.

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Now, we also wanna test
our antistatic strap.

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Why?

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Well, we wear this so that it can help

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to redirect the static
electricity through here.

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And you know, this video
is called ESD prevention.

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We might be calling it ESD redirection.

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What we're preventing
is damage that can occur

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to computer components from ESD.

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But what we're really doing
is redirecting the ESD,

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the discharge, from here through here.

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But let's say that we...

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In the worst case scenario,

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this was plugged into
the wrong type of outlet,

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where the outlet was wired incorrectly,

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or it's plugged into some
funky surge protector

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or something,

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which I don't recommend.

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Well, then you could
possibly get electricity

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flowing back towards you on this.

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And you, of course, don't want that.

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That can be very dangerous.

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So antistatic straps are equipped

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with a one mega-ohm resistor in the strap,

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which will resist some or
all of that electric flow

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if it happened to come back.

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So we wanna test that.

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We wanna test if that is working.

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So we'll connect the cable to the strap.

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And again, we'll set our
multi-meter to impedance

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and put a lead across the plate

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and the other lead on the plug.

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And we should be at one
mega-ohm or just under it.

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One mega-ohm resistors are...

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Have a resistance of one million ohms,

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and we are just below that.

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We're at 0.991 M, for mega-ohms.

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There we go.

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Just so you can see that a little better.

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But again, 0.991 mega-ohms.

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So we're just under one
million ohms, or one mega-ohm.

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So that proves to us that
this resistor is working,

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and that will provide resistance
from any electric flow

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that might come through the outlet if...

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Just in case.

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You never know what might happen,

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some type of surge or who knows what.

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Something's not wired properly somewhere.

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Just in case.

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We also test this because these guys,

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these common point ground
connectors, on the one end,

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they usually come with a one
mega-ohm resistor as well.

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So we'll test against this.

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And you can see we're
just above one mega-ohm.

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We can also test the ports.

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Good.

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Other port.

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Good.

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Collectively...

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You know, and what that does is...

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Let's say you have a strap,
but it doesn't have a resistor.

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They're supposed to,
but what if it doesn't?

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Well, if that's the case,

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then this one takes over,
and this will protect you.

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Let's plug this in and
test the whole thing.

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From here to here, it
should be two mega-ohms.

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And it is just about
exactly, 2.001 mega-ohms.

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So now we have two mega-ohms of resistance

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against the unlikely

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but very potentially damaging occurrence

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of electricity flowing back towards us.

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So that's the way to do it.

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So we wear...

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I'll turn that off.

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We wear our antistatic strap.

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Gotta be against the skin,

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gotta have a nice flat
connection against the skin here.

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Whatever's best for you.

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I like to keep it on the bottom usually.

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Get that flat connection there, right?

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That's gonna connect to here.

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And I also have an antistatic mat here.

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So when I'm working on computers,

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I'll place the case or
whatever device on this

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and connect that to this,

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to your actual grounding system, right?

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And we have a couple more ports here

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we could connect to more stuff.

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For example, I'll use
another antistatic mat,

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and I'll stand on that as I'm working,

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so that I'm not standing on carpet,

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and any friction,

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it's gonna go through
this and out to ground.

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Any static electricity that's
created from that friction.

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Another way to do this

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is to take off this plastic piece here

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and connect this to the antistatic mat.

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So now the mat is grounded automatically,

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and we can now plug in
two things into this.

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So a lot of options here.

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But as long as everything
is grounding out to this

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and out to this and out to
a properly wired outlet,

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that's the way to do it.

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Again, you can get away with
just using the antistatic strap

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and connecting it to the
chassis, the case of a computer,

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and touch the chassis at all times,

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regardless of what you have.

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And quite often, you can get
away with doing that in a pinch

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without anything else,

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just touching the unpainted
portion of the case.

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In addition, you can reduce

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the amount of static
electricity that you create

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by not moving, staying stationary,

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as stationary as possible,

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wearing rubber-soled shoes

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in an environment that's non-carpeted,

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tiled instead of carpeted.

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Increase the humidity to
reduce static electricity.

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There's also antistatic sprays.

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You could spray a carpeted
area if you have to work there.

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And then clothing as well.

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We mentioned that you might
use a ESD safe lab coat,

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like this, which are
usually made of polyester.

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So polyester clothing can also help.

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All right, and use antistatic bags.

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Put your equipment inside those
while you're not using them,

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any components.

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And again, try to remember
to stay stationary

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and touch the chassis of the computer,

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even if you have this type
of configuration here.

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So everything I've been showing so far

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deals with the computer
being not plugged in.

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And I get a lot of questions from people.

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Should I work on a computer
with the computer plugged in?

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And you can,

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but the idea is that we're
trying to create an equilibrium

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between the user and the computer

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when it comes to voltage,

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an electrical equilibrium of sorts.

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So we're trying to keep the
computer case and the user

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connected to the same type of ground.

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Now, you can plug in the computer case.

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You could plug the power
supply into an outlet,

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and that's also where
you'd wanna ground to,

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and you'd have to make
sure that, of course,

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this is wired properly.

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And you could use a variety of methods.

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Some people connect the alligator clip

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of the antistatic strap

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to a screw on the power supply.

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00:14:21,240 --> 00:14:24,660
Some people will connect the
plug of the antistatic strap

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out to the screw of an outlet cover,

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which should be grounded.

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You don't know.

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But you know, this can
cause a lot of issues

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if you have the computer plugged in.

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Plus, if you have the kill switch on...

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If you have the switch on and
it's plugged into an outlet,

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you gotta remember that there is voltage

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being supplied to the motherboard.

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You get five volts there.

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So you're introducing
an element of unknown.

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And so it's really better
to have it unplugged

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and then have the user and the computer

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00:14:58,200 --> 00:15:00,930
seeking the same electrical potential

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00:15:00,930 --> 00:15:03,780
by being grounded to the same item.

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So what I have here is
I have the computer case

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on top of the mat,

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and I have the mat connected to this

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00:15:11,310 --> 00:15:14,400
and also my antistatic
strap connected to this.

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00:15:14,400 --> 00:15:17,730
And any components could
be placed on there as well.

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00:15:17,730 --> 00:15:19,410
If you're not using the component,

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00:15:19,410 --> 00:15:24,180
you could put the component
inside an antistatic bag.

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00:15:24,180 --> 00:15:26,790
If you're working with a new component,

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00:15:26,790 --> 00:15:28,530
the beauty of the antistatic bag

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00:15:28,530 --> 00:15:29,970
is that that will reduce...

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00:15:29,970 --> 00:15:31,410
When you grab the bag,

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00:15:31,410 --> 00:15:35,460
that'll reduce static as
well, static discharge.

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00:15:35,460 --> 00:15:38,370
So if you hold onto
this for about a second

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00:15:38,370 --> 00:15:40,470
and then pull the item out,

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00:15:40,470 --> 00:15:43,876
the electrical potentials
should be equalized.

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00:15:43,876 --> 00:15:46,560
But again, it's better to
just keep it all unplugged

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00:15:46,560 --> 00:15:50,140
and have everything connected to the mat

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00:15:51,000 --> 00:15:53,370
and out to something like this.

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00:15:53,370 --> 00:15:54,600
Just anything you're gonna work on,

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00:15:54,600 --> 00:15:56,310
make sure it's on top of that mat.

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00:15:56,310 --> 00:15:57,690
Maybe you have a second mat,

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00:15:57,690 --> 00:16:00,810
and you could plug that into
this additional port here,

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00:16:00,810 --> 00:16:04,320
and you could put additional
components on that second mat.

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00:16:04,320 --> 00:16:06,420
And you might stand on a mat as well.

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00:16:06,420 --> 00:16:11,420
The whole idea is to get
everything equal with the voltages.

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00:16:11,610 --> 00:16:15,300
The other idea is to have
that one mega-ohm resistor

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00:16:15,300 --> 00:16:16,950
here and here.

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00:16:16,950 --> 00:16:21,950
That will slow down the
electric discharge so that,

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00:16:23,730 --> 00:16:25,650
if you are handling any components,

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00:16:25,650 --> 00:16:28,320
everything is slowed down through here,

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00:16:28,320 --> 00:16:32,520
and that can reduce the chance of damage

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00:16:32,520 --> 00:16:35,400
through static discharge,
electrostatic discharge,

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00:16:35,400 --> 00:16:37,410
and also it can reduce the chance

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00:16:37,410 --> 00:16:42,030
of you being hurt by
another electric potential,

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00:16:42,030 --> 00:16:45,120
whether it comes from here
or from an external source,

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00:16:45,120 --> 00:16:48,300
if you're handling some
other device or power supply

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00:16:48,300 --> 00:16:51,780
or, you know, some type of
live wire for some reason,

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00:16:51,780 --> 00:16:54,472
or whatever electrical device.

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00:16:54,472 --> 00:16:55,890
So that's the idea,

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00:16:55,890 --> 00:16:57,720
and that's really the
best way to go about it.

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00:16:57,720 --> 00:17:02,070
Keep everything connected with that mat.

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00:17:02,070 --> 00:17:04,890
And so that's about it for this video.

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00:17:04,890 --> 00:17:08,010
Be safe and, again, hire an electrician

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00:17:08,010 --> 00:17:10,170
if you're not sure about your outlets

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00:17:10,170 --> 00:17:11,400
and your electrical system

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00:17:11,400 --> 00:17:12,950
in your house or your business,

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00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:18,800
and try to create that equilibrium
of electrical potentials.