1 1 00:00:00,300 --> 00:00:02,760 Security and threat intelligence. 2 2 00:00:02,760 --> 00:00:04,530 These days, we have to use 3 3 00:00:04,530 --> 00:00:06,180 our intelligence-driven defense 4 4 00:00:06,180 --> 00:00:08,460 to create a solid defensive posture. 5 5 00:00:08,460 --> 00:00:11,310 We can't rely on the way we've done things historically. 6 6 00:00:11,310 --> 00:00:14,190 Now, historically, our focus was on configurations. 7 7 00:00:14,190 --> 00:00:15,750 We would set up the right firewalls, 8 8 00:00:15,750 --> 00:00:18,420 the right ACLs, install the right antivirus, 9 9 00:00:18,420 --> 00:00:20,670 and then we would say, "Hey, we're protected." 10 10 00:00:20,670 --> 00:00:23,190 But these days, that simply isn't enough. 11 11 00:00:23,190 --> 00:00:25,440 While all these technologies are very important, 12 12 00:00:25,440 --> 00:00:28,590 they don't by themself give you enough defense 13 13 00:00:28,590 --> 00:00:32,820 against a thinking adversary that uses modern cyber attacks. 14 14 00:00:32,820 --> 00:00:34,470 So instead, it's really important 15 15 00:00:34,470 --> 00:00:35,820 for us to think about the idea 16 16 00:00:35,820 --> 00:00:38,820 of security intelligence and cyber threat intelligence. 17 17 00:00:38,820 --> 00:00:41,130 And that's what we're going to focus on in this lesson. 18 18 00:00:41,130 --> 00:00:43,230 Now, security intelligence is the process 19 19 00:00:43,230 --> 00:00:44,670 through which data is generated 20 20 00:00:44,670 --> 00:00:47,220 in the ongoing use of the information system. 21 21 00:00:47,220 --> 00:00:50,520 And that data is going to be collected, processed, analyzed 22 22 00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:52,050 and disseminated to provide us 23 23 00:00:52,050 --> 00:00:55,410 with insights into the security status of those systems. 24 24 00:00:55,410 --> 00:00:57,870 So if you think of a standard system administrator, 25 25 00:00:57,870 --> 00:01:00,960 they log things on their system and they review those logs. 26 26 00:01:00,960 --> 00:01:03,330 That is a form of security intelligence. 27 27 00:01:03,330 --> 00:01:04,770 It's for them to be able to understand 28 28 00:01:04,770 --> 00:01:06,630 what is their system doing. 29 29 00:01:06,630 --> 00:01:08,400 As they go through their firewall logs, 30 30 00:01:08,400 --> 00:01:11,310 their intrusion detection alerts and other things like that, 31 31 00:01:11,310 --> 00:01:14,340 you're understanding what your posture is internally 32 32 00:01:14,340 --> 00:01:15,660 inside your network 33 33 00:01:15,660 --> 00:01:19,380 and what your organization's security posture is now set at. 34 34 00:01:19,380 --> 00:01:20,580 Now, on the other hand, 35 35 00:01:20,580 --> 00:01:23,760 we have to consider our cyber threat intelligence as well. 36 36 00:01:23,760 --> 00:01:25,950 Now, cyber threat intelligence is the process 37 37 00:01:25,950 --> 00:01:28,470 of investigating, collecting, analyzing 38 38 00:01:28,470 --> 00:01:31,440 and disseminating information about the emerging threats 39 39 00:01:31,440 --> 00:01:33,570 and threat sources to provide data 40 40 00:01:33,570 --> 00:01:36,000 about the external threat landscape. 41 41 00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:37,860 So when we're talking about security intelligence, 42 42 00:01:37,860 --> 00:01:40,830 we're thinking inward, how are our systems looking? 43 43 00:01:40,830 --> 00:01:41,663 But when we think 44 44 00:01:41,663 --> 00:01:44,190 about cyber threat intelligence, we're looking outward. 45 45 00:01:44,190 --> 00:01:45,840 We're thinking about the attacker groups, 46 46 00:01:45,840 --> 00:01:47,670 we're thinking about malware outbreaks. 47 47 00:01:47,670 --> 00:01:50,610 We're thinking about zero-day exploits and things like that. 48 48 00:01:50,610 --> 00:01:53,010 All those bad things that are out there that can attack us 49 49 00:01:53,010 --> 00:01:55,200 and hurt us, that is what we're focused on 50 50 00:01:55,200 --> 00:01:57,270 when we're doing cyber threat intelligence. 51 51 00:01:57,270 --> 00:01:58,320 And we need both of these. 52 52 00:01:58,320 --> 00:01:59,640 We need to know our posture 53 53 00:01:59,640 --> 00:02:01,920 with security intelligence, but we also have to know 54 54 00:02:01,920 --> 00:02:05,160 what can attack us using cyber threat intelligence. 55 55 00:02:05,160 --> 00:02:07,110 Now, when we look at cyber threat intelligence, 56 56 00:02:07,110 --> 00:02:09,480 it really does come to us in two forms. 57 57 00:02:09,480 --> 00:02:10,380 It can come in the form 58 58 00:02:10,380 --> 00:02:12,780 of a narrative report or a data feed. 59 59 00:02:12,780 --> 00:02:14,910 Now, when we're dealing with a narrative report, 60 60 00:02:14,910 --> 00:02:16,830 this is going to give us the analysis 61 61 00:02:16,830 --> 00:02:20,130 of a certain adversary group or a certain type of malware, 62 62 00:02:20,130 --> 00:02:22,590 and we're going to get a written report based on that. 63 63 00:02:22,590 --> 00:02:24,583 There are a lot of places you can buy these from, 64 64 00:02:24,583 --> 00:02:27,810 and these come in a format that is really manually created 65 65 00:02:27,810 --> 00:02:29,700 by some threat analyst. 66 66 00:02:29,700 --> 00:02:31,890 And so if you get a job as an intelligence analyst 67 67 00:02:31,890 --> 00:02:34,950 or a threat analyst, you may spend all day going 68 68 00:02:34,950 --> 00:02:36,420 through different packet captures, 69 69 00:02:36,420 --> 00:02:37,890 and going through honeypots, 70 70 00:02:37,890 --> 00:02:39,810 and learning about some kind of adversary 71 71 00:02:39,810 --> 00:02:42,090 or malware, and then writing a report on it. 72 72 00:02:42,090 --> 00:02:44,640 And these reports are then sold to all the different SOCs 73 73 00:02:44,640 --> 00:02:46,830 around the world who use that in their defense 74 74 00:02:46,830 --> 00:02:47,910 of their networks. 75 75 00:02:47,910 --> 00:02:50,880 Now, this is very useful at a strategic level. 76 76 00:02:50,880 --> 00:02:53,100 This gives you intelligence about what the bad guys 77 77 00:02:53,100 --> 00:02:55,380 are doing, and that can help us decide 78 78 00:02:55,380 --> 00:02:56,700 where we want to put money 79 79 00:02:56,700 --> 00:02:58,650 and which security controls we want to have 80 80 00:02:58,650 --> 00:02:59,910 to be able able to defend ourself 81 81 00:02:59,910 --> 00:03:02,730 from these bad guys and their types of attacks. 82 82 00:03:02,730 --> 00:03:05,160 Now, on the other hand, we also have data feeds. 83 83 00:03:05,160 --> 00:03:08,310 And data feeds can be a list of known bad indicators, 84 84 00:03:08,310 --> 00:03:11,580 things like indicators of compromises, domain names, 85 85 00:03:11,580 --> 00:03:13,560 IP addresses, it might be something 86 86 00:03:13,560 --> 00:03:16,170 like hashes of exploit malware code. 87 87 00:03:16,170 --> 00:03:19,800 All of these type of things are tactical level information. 88 88 00:03:19,800 --> 00:03:21,720 This gives us something that is very operational. 89 89 00:03:21,720 --> 00:03:23,640 It's something we can do something with. 90 90 00:03:23,640 --> 00:03:26,970 If you tell me that this IP address is a known bad IP, 91 91 00:03:26,970 --> 00:03:28,470 I can block it in my firewall 92 92 00:03:28,470 --> 00:03:30,690 so no connections can go to it, right? 93 93 00:03:30,690 --> 00:03:32,460 That's the idea with a data feed. 94 94 00:03:32,460 --> 00:03:34,260 Now, which one is better? 95 95 00:03:34,260 --> 00:03:36,690 Do we want data feeds or narrative reports? 96 96 00:03:36,690 --> 00:03:38,340 Well, we want both. 97 97 00:03:38,340 --> 00:03:40,260 We don't want to use just one or the other. 98 98 00:03:40,260 --> 00:03:42,600 We have to use both to get the best security 99 99 00:03:42,600 --> 00:03:43,740 for our networks. 100 100 00:03:43,740 --> 00:03:45,180 We're going to use those narrative reports 101 101 00:03:45,180 --> 00:03:48,300 to get the big picture of what the landscape looks like 102 102 00:03:48,300 --> 00:03:49,860 and then we're going to use the data feeds 103 103 00:03:49,860 --> 00:03:51,930 to get those specific tactical things 104 104 00:03:51,930 --> 00:03:53,430 that we can program our sensors 105 105 00:03:53,430 --> 00:03:56,130 and our defenses against to be able to protect ourselves. 106 106 00:03:56,130 --> 00:03:59,490 Now, the combination of both of these is very useful to us 107 107 00:03:59,490 --> 00:04:01,620 and it allows us to have a better security posture 108 108 00:04:01,620 --> 00:04:02,970 for our organization. 109 109 00:04:02,970 --> 00:04:04,290 Now, if you want to be able to sign up 110 110 00:04:04,290 --> 00:04:06,840 for some of these data feeds or these narrative reports, 111 111 00:04:06,840 --> 00:04:08,280 your organization can do that. 112 112 00:04:08,280 --> 00:04:09,270 And most of this is done 113 113 00:04:09,270 --> 00:04:11,850 as a monthly subscription or a yearly subscription. 114 114 00:04:11,850 --> 00:04:13,740 There are a lot of companies out there that do this, 115 115 00:04:13,740 --> 00:04:18,720 like McAfee, FireEye, Red Canary, and many, many other ones. 116 116 00:04:18,720 --> 00:04:20,280 For example, if you want to learn more 117 117 00:04:20,280 --> 00:04:23,190 about a specific adversary or a certain tactic, 118 118 00:04:23,190 --> 00:04:24,600 you could search for that on Google 119 119 00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:27,780 or use your subscription to one of these services. 120 120 00:04:27,780 --> 00:04:29,400 In one of my previous organizations, 121 121 00:04:29,400 --> 00:04:31,710 we had a subscription to FireEye service. 122 122 00:04:31,710 --> 00:04:34,260 And so if I wanted to learn more about APT28, 123 123 00:04:34,260 --> 00:04:36,750 which happens to be a group of Russian hackers, 124 124 00:04:36,750 --> 00:04:39,420 I could learn more about them and the techniques they use. 125 125 00:04:39,420 --> 00:04:40,650 And in that report, 126 126 00:04:40,650 --> 00:04:42,900 it tells me what type of targets they're going after. 127 127 00:04:42,900 --> 00:04:45,420 Are they going after military or commercial targets? 128 128 00:04:45,420 --> 00:04:47,040 Are they going after the banking sector 129 129 00:04:47,040 --> 00:04:48,300 or the film industry? 130 130 00:04:48,300 --> 00:04:49,770 And then we can see how that affects me 131 131 00:04:49,770 --> 00:04:52,560 and my industry and how we can better defend against it. 132 132 00:04:52,560 --> 00:04:54,780 If you want to see an example of one of these reports, 133 133 00:04:54,780 --> 00:04:59,370 if you go to Google and type in APT28 FireEye PDF, 134 134 00:04:59,370 --> 00:05:00,630 this report will come up 135 135 00:05:00,630 --> 00:05:01,950 and you can see what these look like. 136 136 00:05:01,950 --> 00:05:03,900 They're generally around 20 to 30 pages 137 137 00:05:03,900 --> 00:05:04,740 and they give you a lot 138 138 00:05:04,740 --> 00:05:07,260 of great information about a particular adversary group 139 139 00:05:07,260 --> 00:05:08,943 or a specific malware type.