1 1 00:00:00,330 --> 00:00:02,823 Open Source Intelligence or OSINT. 2 2 00:00:03,840 --> 00:00:05,520 What is OSINT? 3 3 00:00:05,520 --> 00:00:08,640 OSINT is the ability to use publicly available information, 4 4 00:00:08,640 --> 00:00:10,440 plus the tools used to aggregate 5 5 00:00:10,440 --> 00:00:12,300 and search that information. 6 6 00:00:12,300 --> 00:00:13,680 Now, there's a lot of different ways 7 7 00:00:13,680 --> 00:00:16,650 to collect open source intelligence out there. 8 8 00:00:16,650 --> 00:00:19,140 Now, many companies and individuals work 9 9 00:00:19,140 --> 00:00:21,780 in organizations that have a ton of information 10 10 00:00:21,780 --> 00:00:24,060 that's published on the internet about them. 11 11 00:00:24,060 --> 00:00:26,610 For instance, my small little company has a lot 12 12 00:00:26,610 --> 00:00:28,140 of information about us. 13 13 00:00:28,140 --> 00:00:30,750 You can go online into the web or social media sites 14 14 00:00:30,750 --> 00:00:32,910 and find lots of information about us. 15 15 00:00:32,910 --> 00:00:35,070 This is all open source intelligence, 16 16 00:00:35,070 --> 00:00:37,170 and if you were trying to target and attack us 17 17 00:00:37,170 --> 00:00:40,200 you could use this to cyber stalk us and determine all sorts 18 18 00:00:40,200 --> 00:00:42,960 of information about us using things like Google 19 19 00:00:42,960 --> 00:00:46,560 and Bing and Duck, Duck, Go, and many other tools out there 20 20 00:00:46,560 --> 00:00:49,110 all over the web to collect this data 21 21 00:00:49,110 --> 00:00:52,350 and build a whole dossier on me or my company. 22 22 00:00:52,350 --> 00:00:54,810 Now, attackers use OSINT all the time 23 23 00:00:54,810 --> 00:00:57,420 because OSINT can allow an attacker to develop a number 24 24 00:00:57,420 --> 00:00:59,670 of strategies for compromising a target. 25 25 00:00:59,670 --> 00:01:01,680 For instance, if you are an attacker 26 26 00:01:01,680 --> 00:01:04,080 you might find an employee that works for a company 27 27 00:01:04,080 --> 00:01:07,440 on a dating website and strike up a conversation with them, 28 28 00:01:07,440 --> 00:01:09,930 get them interested in you, and then start asking them 29 29 00:01:09,930 --> 00:01:13,050 for details about their company's security procedures maybe. 30 30 00:01:13,050 --> 00:01:14,940 This is a great way to start getting information 31 31 00:01:14,940 --> 00:01:16,860 out of them using social engineering. 32 32 00:01:16,860 --> 00:01:19,680 Or you might put them in a compromising situation 33 33 00:01:19,680 --> 00:01:22,290 and then use that for blackmail or entrapment. 34 34 00:01:22,290 --> 00:01:24,660 There's lots of different ways that OSINT can be used 35 35 00:01:24,660 --> 00:01:27,780 out in the real world as an attacker going after people 36 36 00:01:27,780 --> 00:01:30,630 in your company, so it's something to keep in mind. 37 37 00:01:30,630 --> 00:01:31,890 Now, when we talk about OSINT, 38 38 00:01:31,890 --> 00:01:33,900 what are some of the sources of OSINT? 39 39 00:01:33,900 --> 00:01:36,180 Well, we have publicly available information. 40 40 00:01:36,180 --> 00:01:39,060 This is information that any attacker can harvest out there 41 41 00:01:39,060 --> 00:01:41,850 from public repositories or web searches. 42 42 00:01:41,850 --> 00:01:43,560 For instance, if you wanted to find 43 43 00:01:43,560 --> 00:01:46,050 my company's physical address, you could Google that 44 44 00:01:46,050 --> 00:01:48,750 and figure out where we are in San Juan, Puerto Rico. 45 45 00:01:48,750 --> 00:01:51,150 This data is publicly available. 46 46 00:01:51,150 --> 00:01:53,220 Also, you can use social media. 47 47 00:01:53,220 --> 00:01:56,190 Social media is great because you can go on Facebook 48 48 00:01:56,190 --> 00:01:59,100 or LinkedIn and start friending and liking people 49 49 00:01:59,100 --> 00:02:01,440 and making a connection, and then use that 50 50 00:02:01,440 --> 00:02:04,290 for additional attacks such as social engineering. 51 51 00:02:04,290 --> 00:02:06,090 You might also use HTML code. 52 52 00:02:06,090 --> 00:02:09,360 If you search the HTML code of an organization's webpage, 53 53 00:02:09,360 --> 00:02:12,570 you can find lots of information in there like IP addresses, 54 54 00:02:12,570 --> 00:02:15,420 names of web servers, what operating system version 55 55 00:02:15,420 --> 00:02:17,460 they're using, what file paths there are, 56 56 00:02:17,460 --> 00:02:19,470 names of people who work there and developers 57 57 00:02:19,470 --> 00:02:22,380 and admin and all sorts of other stuff. 58 58 00:02:22,380 --> 00:02:25,020 Again, by looking through code, you can find a lot 59 59 00:02:25,020 --> 00:02:28,050 of information about an organization, their capabilities, 60 60 00:02:28,050 --> 00:02:30,720 their practices, and their security posture. 61 61 00:02:30,720 --> 00:02:32,670 And finally, you can also look at metadata 62 62 00:02:32,670 --> 00:02:35,430 because metadata is open source intelligence. 63 63 00:02:35,430 --> 00:02:38,010 If you publish a Word document or an Excel spreadsheet 64 64 00:02:38,010 --> 00:02:40,890 to your website, there's metadata inside of that, 65 65 00:02:40,890 --> 00:02:43,650 and by going through that metadata, we can start collecting 66 66 00:02:43,650 --> 00:02:46,260 a lot of information and start fingerprinting you 67 67 00:02:46,260 --> 00:02:48,990 and understanding exactly what documents belong 68 68 00:02:48,990 --> 00:02:52,620 to your company as we do a wider search across the internet. 69 69 00:02:52,620 --> 00:02:57,210 Now, one quick tip about OSINT for the C-Y-S-A plus exam. 70 70 00:02:57,210 --> 00:02:59,670 On the older version of the C-Y-S-A plus exam, 71 71 00:02:59,670 --> 00:03:01,440 they actually asked you to do a lot more 72 72 00:03:01,440 --> 00:03:03,870 with OSINT and be able to search for information 73 73 00:03:03,870 --> 00:03:07,680 on your own company, but that doesn't exist anymore. 74 74 00:03:07,680 --> 00:03:09,720 Instead, when they talk about OSINT, 75 75 00:03:09,720 --> 00:03:12,720 they're referring specifically to open source threat data 76 76 00:03:12,720 --> 00:03:15,270 and intelligence sources, and it's not going to be focused 77 77 00:03:15,270 --> 00:03:17,820 on your ability to actually conduct OSINT. 78 78 00:03:17,820 --> 00:03:20,100 Now in this course, we are going to do a little bit 79 79 00:03:20,100 --> 00:03:21,900 of OSINT and we are going to play a little bit 80 80 00:03:21,900 --> 00:03:24,030 in that reconnaissance world as we go through 81 81 00:03:24,030 --> 00:03:26,160 and learn about Google hacking and search tools 82 82 00:03:26,160 --> 00:03:27,630 and things like Shodan. 83 83 00:03:27,630 --> 00:03:29,160 And this is all good information to know 84 84 00:03:29,160 --> 00:03:32,550 and understand as a cybersecurity analyst in the real world 85 85 00:03:32,550 --> 00:03:35,150 but you won't have to know it in depth for the exam.