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Google hacking.
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Now, when I talk about Google hacking
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I'm not talking about hacking Google servers.
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That's not really what we mean here
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and this often gets students confused.
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Google hacking is a form of open source intelligence.
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It's an open source intelligence technique
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that uses Google search operators to
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locate vulnerable web servers and applications.
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Basically, we can do advanced searches using Google to
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find all sorts of information
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because Google is one of the best search engines out there.
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Now, there are lots of different things that we
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can do when we're doing these advanced operations.
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We can use things like quotes, not,
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and and or, Scope, and URL modifiers.
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Let's talk about each of these really quickly.
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First, we have quotes.
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When you use double quotes
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you get to specify the exact phrase
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and make a search much more precise.
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For example, if I wanted to have the word Jason Dion
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if I just type them into the Google search
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with Jason Space Dion, you're going to end
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up finding everything that relates to Jason or Dion or both.
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But if you put quote Jason Dion, you're only
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going to find words that have Jason Dion together like that.
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Now, that's kind of a silly example
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but you could see how this could be very useful
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as you're trying to narrow down the results
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for a specific phrase or term that you're looking for.
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The next thing we want to talk about is the not operator.
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Now, the not operator uses the minus sign in front of a word
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or quoted phrase to take that out of your search results
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so you don't find that in the results.
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For example, if I wanted to find all of the examples
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of CYSA, but I didn't want anything from Dion training
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I could type in CYSA space minus Dion Training
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and that will give me all the CYSA results
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without any of the Dion training results.
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The next thing we want to talk about is ands and ors.
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These are logical operators
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and they're used to require both search terms
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if you use the and, or either search term
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if you use the or.
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Much like I said, Jason Dion in quotes
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gave me Jason and Dion that would give it
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to me only if they're right next to each other.
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But what if I want every result out there that had Jason
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and Dion in it, but I didn't want them necessarily together?
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For instance, maybe I wanted Jason, middle name, Dion
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or something like that.
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Well, I could just put Jason, the and symbol, and then Dion
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or if I wanted to use the or and get Jason or Dion
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I could use Jason O R for or
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and then Dion or use the pipe character, the up and down
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which is also the character for or.
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The next advanced search term we want to talk
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about is defining your scope.
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Now, you can have different keywords that are
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used to select the scope of the search.
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Things like site, file type, related, all in title
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all in URL, or all in anchor.
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Based on these, you'll put in the word
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like file type, a colon, and then the file type you want.
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For example, if I wanted to search for just PDF files
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I could type file type colon pdf, and then
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whatever my search term was, and I would get only
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results that had PDFs containing that search term.
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Lastly, we can use a URL modifier.
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Now, these modifiers can be added
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to the results page to affect your results.
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These are things like, and PWS equals zero
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which means don't give me personalized results
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or and filter equals zero, which says
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don't filter the results or, and TBS equals li:one
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which says, do not autocorrect my search terms.
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Search for it exactly as I typed it.
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All of these are different ways to modify your URL.
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Now, another thing we need to talk about
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when we talk about search hacking
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and Google hacking is the Google hacking database or GHDB.
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Now, the Google Hacking database provides a database
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of different search strings that you can use
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that are already optimized
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for locating vulnerable websites and services.
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This site is maintained by offensive security
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and it contains an entire database of different
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search strings that you can use that are pre-run.
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We like to call these Google dorks.
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You could see here on the screen
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we have a couple of examples,
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and notice they're basically giving you information
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that you can use.
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For example, if you have in title, WebView login,
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alcatel lucent, that might be something to identify switches
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and routers that are alcatel lucent
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that have a login page that's available online, or maybe
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we have something like in title, index of
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WP Security Audit log.
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That may be something that provides us
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with interesting results
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if we're a penetration tester or a bad actor.
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So let's put all this information together
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with a quick example.
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Here on the screen you can see
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a Google search that I'm running using some
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of these advanced characteristics, for example, you see
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google.com/search, and then this big long list.
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Let's break those down individually one at a time.
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First, we have file type.
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The file type is one of those advanced operators that says
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I'm only looking for this type of file, and then
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you see percent three AXLS, which tells me percent three A
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is the colon, but written in this format
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and then XLS saying, I want an Excel spreadsheet file
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so whatever I'm searching for
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it better come back as a spreadsheet.
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Next, you see, I have the word password.
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That's what I'm searching for.
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This is my search term, and then you see, I have site,
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this is the next modifier.
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I only want to find things at a particular website
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and then again, I have percent three a Diontraining.com
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which is colon Dion training.com.
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So what this is telling me
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if I put all this together is find me any files
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that are of file type xls, an Excel spreadsheet,
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that contained the word password
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and are hosted on the site, Diontraining.com.
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Now, if you run this search, you're going to come back
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with zero results, and that's a good thing.
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It means me and my staff are not hosting
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any Excel spreadsheets with the word password
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on our website, but again
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this is a silly example to show you how you can break
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down these different things.
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Now, as a cybersecurity analyst
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do you need to know how to do this?
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Well, yes and no.
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You don't necessarily need to be able to create
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these yourself because you're not trying to attack somebody
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and you're not trying to find out information about them.
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But if you see these type of things in your proxy logs
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you should be able to know what
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that insider is trying to do and what they're searching for
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because you could be held responsible
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as a company for their operations.
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The next area we want to talk about is Shodan.
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Now, Shodan is found at Shodan.io
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and it is a search engine that's optimized
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for identifying vulnerable internet attached devices.
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Basically, Shodan is a website that allows you to
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do a search for all sorts of different devices out there.
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They can search for things like thermostats
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and webcams and ICS and SCADA devices
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and any other kind of device that's out there.
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And the way they do this is they go out
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routinely and they start scanning the entire internet
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and they conduct banner grabbing to identify the types
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of devices and the firmware
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and the OS and the applications that are in use, and
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if those are vulnerable, that now gives us a place to look
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at and start attacking people from.
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Now, again, we are not pen testers and we're not hackers
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so we're not going to be using it in that manner,
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but as a cybersecurity analyst, you could go
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on Shodan and start searching across your devices
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and see if any of yours have been found to be vulnerable
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such as your IP addresses,
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your host names, your geographic location
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or any of your different devices
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that are connected to the internet.
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Again, when you have internet of things
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these are vulnerable, and Shodan is one
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of the ways to find those vulnerabilities.
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Now, let me give you a couple of quick exam tips.
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When it comes to the exam,
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what do you need to know from this lesson?
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Well, as a cybersecurity analyst
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you do not need to put these queries together yourself
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but if I give you a search string
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like that Google search I gave you earlier
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you should be able to read that
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and then pick the results you would expect based on that.
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This is just a basic level
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of analysis that you should be able to do
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if you're going through a proxy log
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and you see somebody doing a Google search.