1 1 00:00:00,480 --> 00:00:02,730 Endpoint analysis. 2 2 00:00:02,730 --> 00:00:04,740 Now, endpoint analysis is used when 3 3 00:00:04,740 --> 00:00:06,720 we're conducting monitoring, logging, 4 4 00:00:06,720 --> 00:00:09,000 and analysis of our endpoints. 5 5 00:00:09,000 --> 00:00:10,620 An endpoint is, simply, any device 6 6 00:00:10,620 --> 00:00:12,990 that we may use to connect to our network. 7 7 00:00:12,990 --> 00:00:14,640 Now, for example, your desktop, 8 8 00:00:14,640 --> 00:00:17,580 or your laptop at the office, that's considered an endpoint. 9 9 00:00:17,580 --> 00:00:19,610 So is your smartphone, or your tablet. 10 10 00:00:19,610 --> 00:00:22,440 As a cybersecurity analyst, you must be able 11 11 00:00:22,440 --> 00:00:25,140 to use tools to identify behavioral anomalies, 12 12 00:00:25,140 --> 00:00:28,110 and then identify the techniques used by malware 13 13 00:00:28,110 --> 00:00:29,550 to achieve privilege, escalation, 14 14 00:00:29,550 --> 00:00:31,710 and persistence on your host. 15 15 00:00:31,710 --> 00:00:32,970 Now, there are lots of different 16 16 00:00:32,970 --> 00:00:34,620 endpoint protection tools out there, 17 17 00:00:34,620 --> 00:00:36,330 and, in this lesson, we're going to cover 18 18 00:00:36,330 --> 00:00:38,670 five different endpoint security capabilities 19 19 00:00:38,670 --> 00:00:40,624 that we can use for analysis. 20 20 00:00:40,624 --> 00:00:44,310 These are antivirus, host intrusion detection systems, 21 21 00:00:44,310 --> 00:00:46,560 and host intrusion prevention systems, 22 22 00:00:46,560 --> 00:00:48,630 endpoint protection platforms, 23 23 00:00:48,630 --> 00:00:51,060 endpoint detection response platforms, 24 24 00:00:51,060 --> 00:00:53,910 and user and entity behavioral analytics. 25 25 00:00:53,910 --> 00:00:56,190 Let's talk about each of these in this lesson. 26 26 00:00:56,190 --> 00:00:58,350 First, antivirus. 27 27 00:00:58,350 --> 00:00:59,930 Antivirus is a software that's capable 28 28 00:00:59,930 --> 00:01:02,580 of detecting and removing virus infections, 29 29 00:01:02,580 --> 00:01:04,860 and, in most cases, other types of malware, 30 30 00:01:04,860 --> 00:01:08,160 such as worms, Trojans, root kits, adware, 31 31 00:01:08,160 --> 00:01:11,190 spyware, password crackers, network mappers, 32 32 00:01:11,190 --> 00:01:13,350 denial service tools, and others. 33 33 00:01:13,350 --> 00:01:16,799 Often, you'll hear this called antivirus or anti-malware. 34 34 00:01:16,799 --> 00:01:19,320 At this point in your career, you should be pretty familiar 35 35 00:01:19,320 --> 00:01:21,960 with what antivirus and anti-malware is. 36 36 00:01:21,960 --> 00:01:23,340 The next one we're going to talk about 37 37 00:01:23,340 --> 00:01:27,840 is host-based IDS and IPS, which is HIDS or HIPS. 38 38 00:01:27,840 --> 00:01:31,380 This is a type of IDS or IPS that monitors a computer system 39 39 00:01:31,380 --> 00:01:33,780 for unexpected behavior, and drastic changes 40 40 00:01:33,780 --> 00:01:36,420 to the system state on a given endpoint. 41 41 00:01:36,420 --> 00:01:37,590 Now, most of these are going to use 42 42 00:01:37,590 --> 00:01:39,030 signature-based detection, 43 43 00:01:39,030 --> 00:01:41,070 using log or file monitoring systems 44 44 00:01:41,070 --> 00:01:42,360 to figure out if something bad 45 45 00:01:42,360 --> 00:01:43,980 is trying to happen to your endpoint. 46 46 00:01:43,980 --> 00:01:46,410 They may use file system integrity monitoring, too, 47 47 00:01:46,410 --> 00:01:48,510 to see if your operating system files have been changed, 48 48 00:01:48,510 --> 00:01:49,710 or drivers have been changed 49 49 00:01:49,710 --> 00:01:51,750 or an application has been changed. 50 50 00:01:51,750 --> 00:01:53,130 All of these things are things that 51 51 00:01:53,130 --> 00:01:54,990 a host-based intrusion detection system, 52 52 00:01:54,990 --> 00:01:57,450 or intrusion prevention system can help you with, 53 53 00:01:57,450 --> 00:01:59,520 that a network-based intrusion detection, 54 54 00:01:59,520 --> 00:02:02,400 or intrusion prevention system really can't see. 55 55 00:02:02,400 --> 00:02:03,480 Now, the next one we have 56 56 00:02:03,480 --> 00:02:06,690 is an endpoint protection platform, or EPP. 57 57 00:02:06,690 --> 00:02:08,880 This is a software agent and monitoring system 58 58 00:02:08,880 --> 00:02:11,130 that performs multiple security tasks. 59 59 00:02:11,130 --> 00:02:12,538 It can do things like antivirus, 60 60 00:02:12,538 --> 00:02:15,780 it can do host intrusion detection, or prevention systems. 61 61 00:02:15,780 --> 00:02:18,630 It can have a firewall, it can have data loss prevention, 62 62 00:02:18,630 --> 00:02:21,030 or DLP, and it can have file encryption. 63 63 00:02:21,030 --> 00:02:23,520 All of this in a single product, essentially, 64 64 00:02:23,520 --> 00:02:25,980 it's your Swiss Army Knife of security tools. 65 65 00:02:25,980 --> 00:02:27,900 We call this an EPP. 66 66 00:02:27,900 --> 00:02:30,420 Now, there are a lot of EPPs on the market, 67 67 00:02:30,420 --> 00:02:32,850 and every year there's a thing called the Magic Quadrant 68 68 00:02:32,850 --> 00:02:34,470 that's put out by Gartner. 69 69 00:02:34,470 --> 00:02:36,660 Gartner goes and rates all the different systems, 70 70 00:02:36,660 --> 00:02:39,090 to see who's the best, which ones are the leaders, 71 71 00:02:39,090 --> 00:02:41,640 who are the challengers, who of them are niche players, 72 72 00:02:41,640 --> 00:02:42,870 and who of them are visionaries. 73 73 00:02:42,870 --> 00:02:44,508 And you can see that here, on the screen. 74 74 00:02:44,508 --> 00:02:47,730 As you can see, the top three is Microsoft, 75 75 00:02:47,730 --> 00:02:50,430 CrowdStrike, and Semantic, and all three of them 76 76 00:02:50,430 --> 00:02:52,440 have great endpoint protection platforms 77 77 00:02:52,440 --> 00:02:53,730 that you can choose from. 78 78 00:02:53,730 --> 00:02:55,770 The next one we're going to talk about is EDR, 79 79 00:02:55,770 --> 00:02:58,080 which is endpoint detection and response. 80 80 00:02:58,080 --> 00:03:01,644 Now, where EPP is mostly based on signature detection, 81 81 00:03:01,644 --> 00:03:06,300 EDR is focused more on behavioral and anomaly analysis. 82 82 00:03:06,300 --> 00:03:08,250 It starts logging the endpoints, observables, 83 83 00:03:08,250 --> 00:03:10,500 and indicators, and combines that with analysis, 84 84 00:03:10,500 --> 00:03:12,570 and tries to figure out what's wrong. 85 85 00:03:12,570 --> 00:03:14,100 So, this is a software agent that's going to 86 86 00:03:14,100 --> 00:03:16,080 collect system data and logs for analysis, 87 87 00:03:16,080 --> 00:03:17,190 by monitoring the system 88 88 00:03:17,190 --> 00:03:19,350 to provide early detection of threats. 89 89 00:03:19,350 --> 00:03:21,510 Now, because of that, the aim of EDR 90 90 00:03:21,510 --> 00:03:23,910 is not to prevent an initial execution, 91 91 00:03:23,910 --> 00:03:25,530 but instead, to provide runtime, 92 92 00:03:25,530 --> 00:03:28,080 and historical visibility into a compromise. 93 93 00:03:28,080 --> 00:03:29,790 And once you've been detected, 94 94 00:03:29,790 --> 00:03:32,370 it can start responding to that, and it helps you, 95 95 00:03:32,370 --> 00:03:34,830 as an instant responder, to gather more information, 96 96 00:03:34,830 --> 00:03:36,360 and facilitate your remediation, 97 97 00:03:36,360 --> 00:03:38,430 to get it back to its original state. 98 98 00:03:38,430 --> 00:03:41,400 The final one we want to talk about, here, is UEBA, 99 99 00:03:41,400 --> 00:03:44,220 which is user and entity behavior analytics. 100 100 00:03:44,220 --> 00:03:46,890 This is a system that can provide automated identification 101 101 00:03:46,890 --> 00:03:50,504 of suspicious activity by user accounts and computer hosts. 102 102 00:03:50,504 --> 00:03:54,150 Now, this solution is less about endpoint data collection, 103 103 00:03:54,150 --> 00:03:55,980 and more about the actual process 104 104 00:03:55,980 --> 00:03:58,020 of analyzing the data you're getting. 105 105 00:03:58,020 --> 00:04:00,690 The idea here, is to have a baseline of good knowledge, 106 106 00:04:00,690 --> 00:04:01,920 and then we're going to compare anything 107 107 00:04:01,920 --> 00:04:03,810 that goes outside that baseline, 108 108 00:04:03,810 --> 00:04:05,580 and start thinking that might be suspicious, 109 109 00:04:05,580 --> 00:04:06,990 and look into it further. 110 110 00:04:06,990 --> 00:04:09,930 Now, a lot of UEBA is focused on the analytics, 111 111 00:04:09,930 --> 00:04:11,460 and because of that, there's a lot of data 112 112 00:04:11,460 --> 00:04:12,930 that has to be processed. 113 113 00:04:12,930 --> 00:04:15,270 So, UEBA solutions are heavily dependent 114 114 00:04:15,270 --> 00:04:16,740 on advanced computing techniques, 115 115 00:04:16,740 --> 00:04:19,800 things like artificial intelligence, and machine learning. 116 116 00:04:19,800 --> 00:04:21,540 There's a lot of these different players out there 117 117 00:04:21,540 --> 00:04:24,000 in the marketplace that are doing UEBA. 118 118 00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:25,560 Two of the big ones out there right now 119 119 00:04:25,560 --> 00:04:27,510 is Microsoft and Splunk. 120 120 00:04:27,510 --> 00:04:30,540 Microsoft has the Microsoft Advanced Threat Analytics. 121 121 00:04:30,540 --> 00:04:32,430 You could see this diagram here on the screen. 122 122 00:04:32,430 --> 00:04:34,567 Essentially, we have some unknown threat that comes in. 123 123 00:04:34,567 --> 00:04:35,760 It goes into some sort 124 124 00:04:35,760 --> 00:04:38,010 of a sandboxed environment for detonation. 125 125 00:04:38,010 --> 00:04:38,843 Based on that, 126 126 00:04:38,843 --> 00:04:41,790 it does a heuristic behavioral model of what it saw. 127 127 00:04:41,790 --> 00:04:43,710 It passes that into machine learning. 128 128 00:04:43,710 --> 00:04:45,330 And based on the machine learning models, 129 129 00:04:45,330 --> 00:04:46,530 it will decide whether or not 130 130 00:04:46,530 --> 00:04:48,810 this is really a threat, or if it's not a threat. 131 131 00:04:48,810 --> 00:04:51,330 And based on that, it'll let that message go through. 132 132 00:04:51,330 --> 00:04:53,400 Now, on the other hand, Splunk is another one out there, 133 133 00:04:53,400 --> 00:04:56,310 and it's called the Splunk User Behavior Analytics. 134 134 00:04:56,310 --> 00:04:58,560 This tool will allow you to get all that data 135 135 00:04:58,560 --> 00:05:01,560 into a nice dashboard, so your analysts can go through it, 136 136 00:05:01,560 --> 00:05:04,230 and they can see what are threats, what are anomalies, 137 137 00:05:04,230 --> 00:05:06,630 how many users you have, how many devices you have, 138 138 00:05:06,630 --> 00:05:08,700 and all the different statistics, and you can drill down 139 139 00:05:08,700 --> 00:05:11,250 into each area of that, and look at all the analytics, 140 140 00:05:11,250 --> 00:05:13,260 and make your decisions based on that. 141 141 00:05:13,260 --> 00:05:14,340 Now, I know we just covered 142 142 00:05:14,340 --> 00:05:15,840 these five different technologies, 143 143 00:05:15,840 --> 00:05:17,730 and we try to keep it very clear cut, and say, 144 144 00:05:17,730 --> 00:05:20,040 this one does this, and that one does that. 145 145 00:05:20,040 --> 00:05:22,140 But, as everything in security, 146 146 00:05:22,140 --> 00:05:24,420 things evolve, and things merge together. 147 147 00:05:24,420 --> 00:05:26,490 And so now, many companies are starting to market 148 148 00:05:26,490 --> 00:05:28,770 advanced threat protection, ATP, 149 149 00:05:28,770 --> 00:05:31,140 advanced Endpoint Protection, AEP, 150 150 00:05:31,140 --> 00:05:33,900 and NextGen AV, which is NGAV. 151 151 00:05:33,900 --> 00:05:35,940 And all of this just becomes, essentially, a hybrid 152 152 00:05:35,940 --> 00:05:38,190 of the different technologies we talked about before, 153 153 00:05:38,190 --> 00:05:40,170 like the endpoint protection platform, 154 154 00:05:40,170 --> 00:05:41,760 the endpoint detection response, 155 155 00:05:41,760 --> 00:05:43,960 or the user and entity behavioral analytics.