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In this lesson, we're going to discuss

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how you can assign ownership to files and directories.

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In Linux, ownership refers to the property

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by which a user can apply and modify permissions

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of a file or directory.

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By default, the owner of the file or directory

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is the user who created the file or directory.

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Other than the superuser who's known as our root user,

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no other user can change their permissions of an object

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that's owned by somebody else.

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While the most common application of ownership

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is going to be the changing of the read, right,

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or execute permission attributes,

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owners can also alter advanced and special permissions

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of the objects they own.

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These objects are files and directories.

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Now, remember, every file is owned by a specific user

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or a specific group.

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If you need to change the owner of the file or directory,

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you can use the chown command.

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Now, the chown command is used to change the owner,

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the group, or both for a file or directory.

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At times, you may wish that somebody else

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is going to manage an object's permissions

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other than the user who created that object.

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To do that, just enter the chown command

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by doing chown username and the file or directory name.

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This will change the owner, but not the group.

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If you want to change the owner and the group

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for a file or directory,

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you can enter chown username : group name

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and then the file or directory name.

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If you want to change the owner and then assign the group

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to the new owner's login group, you can do that

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by using chown username : file or directory name.

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If you need to change the group, but not the owner

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you can do that by typing in

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chown : group name file or directory name.

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Did you notice there's always the same basic format here?

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It's chown username : group name

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and then file or directory name.

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This way we can assign either part or both parts

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depending on which ones we put in as our options.

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We simply leave the username or group blank

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if we don't want to change those things

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and we add the other one in

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if we want to change the username or group name.

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You can also use the chown command recursively

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to change ownership throughout a directory structure

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if you add the dash R option.

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The next command we have is known as chgrp.

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The chgrp command or C-H-G-R-P

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is going to be used to change the group ownership

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of a file or directory.

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Changing the group ownership of an object

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ensures the group permissions

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are applied to the specific group.

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The proper way to enter the chgrp command

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is to enter chgrp the group name

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and the file or directory name.