1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:03,030 The File Hierarchy Standard is a collaborative document 2 00:00:03,030 --> 00:00:04,680 that specifies a set of guidelines 3 00:00:04,680 --> 00:00:06,515 for the names of files and directories 4 00:00:06,515 --> 00:00:09,600 and their locations on a Linux system. 5 00:00:09,600 --> 00:00:12,245 Most Linux distributions are FHS compliant 6 00:00:12,245 --> 00:00:15,840 and therefore support compatibility with other systems. 7 00:00:15,840 --> 00:00:18,697 The FHS also creates a naming convention 8 00:00:18,697 --> 00:00:21,930 that helps administrators, users, and applications 9 00:00:21,930 --> 00:00:24,570 consistently find the files that they're looking for 10 00:00:24,570 --> 00:00:25,740 as well as store files 11 00:00:25,740 --> 00:00:28,860 where other entities can easily find them. 12 00:00:28,860 --> 00:00:29,693 So in this demonstration, 13 00:00:29,693 --> 00:00:31,170 we're going to walk through just simple ways 14 00:00:31,170 --> 00:00:33,210 to navigate the Linux file structure. 15 00:00:33,210 --> 00:00:36,798 We're going to go through some shortcuts and little tricks. 16 00:00:36,798 --> 00:00:39,600 First thing we need to think about and understand is 17 00:00:39,600 --> 00:00:42,150 absolute path versus relative path. 18 00:00:42,150 --> 00:00:44,490 So an absolute path is going to be 19 00:00:44,490 --> 00:00:46,710 when you're using the forward slash. 20 00:00:46,710 --> 00:00:49,320 That means you're going to start from the route directory 21 00:00:49,320 --> 00:00:52,140 and go to the follow the directory that you're looking for. 22 00:00:52,140 --> 00:00:56,913 For example, if you want a CD to the user bin, 23 00:01:00,780 --> 00:01:02,763 that's the absolute path. 24 00:01:04,230 --> 00:01:06,300 Now, if we look in the list, 25 00:01:06,300 --> 00:01:08,400 we can see that there's multiple different 26 00:01:08,400 --> 00:01:09,900 directors and files in here. 27 00:01:09,900 --> 00:01:11,790 So here, what we can use is a symbol 28 00:01:11,790 --> 00:01:13,710 called the tilde symbol. 29 00:01:13,710 --> 00:01:16,023 That brings us back to the home directory. 30 00:01:16,950 --> 00:01:19,410 So now we can easily have a shortcut 31 00:01:19,410 --> 00:01:20,760 to go back to our home directory 32 00:01:20,760 --> 00:01:23,640 and list out any, you know files or anything like that, 33 00:01:23,640 --> 00:01:25,983 that we're interested in getting to. 34 00:01:26,850 --> 00:01:30,510 Now, to get to another director 35 00:01:30,510 --> 00:01:32,250 within the current director you're working with, 36 00:01:32,250 --> 00:01:33,900 that's going to be a relative one. 37 00:01:33,900 --> 00:01:36,250 So for example, I'm just going to cd into desktop. 38 00:01:39,120 --> 00:01:39,953 And you see, 39 00:01:39,953 --> 00:01:42,240 I didn't have to use the forward slash to get there 40 00:01:42,240 --> 00:01:43,500 because Linux knows, 41 00:01:43,500 --> 00:01:46,020 okay, if they omit the forward slash, 42 00:01:46,020 --> 00:01:49,140 we're only going to search in the present working directory. 43 00:01:49,140 --> 00:01:51,210 Now another directory to be familiar with 44 00:01:51,210 --> 00:01:52,890 is the root directory. 45 00:01:52,890 --> 00:01:55,623 Now you'll switch to root really quick. 46 00:01:57,840 --> 00:01:58,673 And if we look, 47 00:01:58,673 --> 00:02:02,070 it's going to automatically put us in the roots home directory, 48 00:02:02,070 --> 00:02:02,903 okay. 49 00:02:02,903 --> 00:02:05,910 It's not going to be the root directory, which is the slash. 50 00:02:05,910 --> 00:02:07,760 So again, this is the root directory. 51 00:02:09,090 --> 00:02:13,470 But if we look at the actual root user, 52 00:02:13,470 --> 00:02:15,540 they have their own directory. 53 00:02:15,540 --> 00:02:16,500 So if I see the, 54 00:02:16,500 --> 00:02:21,450 you'll see I'm currently in the roots working directory, 55 00:02:21,450 --> 00:02:23,400 so it's a slight difference. 56 00:02:23,400 --> 00:02:24,870 Now let's exit out of here. 57 00:02:24,870 --> 00:02:26,670 Go back to my own working directory. 58 00:02:28,410 --> 00:02:31,683 Again, it's going to bring us back to where we currently were. 59 00:02:37,890 --> 00:02:40,740 All right, because every user, whenever they're created, 60 00:02:40,740 --> 00:02:44,100 again has their own working directory 61 00:02:44,100 --> 00:02:45,930 under the home folder. 62 00:02:45,930 --> 00:02:48,510 So any user that's assigned to this operating system 63 00:02:48,510 --> 00:02:52,170 will have their own directory under the home folder. 64 00:02:52,170 --> 00:02:53,910 Another system to be familiar with, 65 00:02:53,910 --> 00:02:58,593 a little bit more practice, is the etc directory. 66 00:02:59,820 --> 00:03:02,670 This one contains a lot of different information. 67 00:03:02,670 --> 00:03:04,171 Typically configuration files 68 00:03:04,171 --> 00:03:06,090 for many services and applications 69 00:03:06,090 --> 00:03:07,560 that you're going to be running. 70 00:03:07,560 --> 00:03:09,333 So can list a few out here. 71 00:03:14,760 --> 00:03:19,760 Again you'll be using the etc folder a lot. 72 00:03:20,550 --> 00:03:22,110 Just a lot of different useful things 73 00:03:22,110 --> 00:03:25,443 that most system admins are going to have to use. 74 00:03:36,943 --> 00:03:37,776 Okay. 75 00:03:42,210 --> 00:03:43,893 Now just to show how the 76 00:03:43,893 --> 00:03:46,560 relative and absolute directories works, 77 00:03:46,560 --> 00:03:47,880 just show that's an error. 78 00:03:47,880 --> 00:03:49,320 So if we were just try to, let's say, 79 00:03:49,320 --> 00:03:51,870 let's go back to our home directory. 80 00:03:51,870 --> 00:03:54,060 And just say we wanted to go back to etc 81 00:03:54,060 --> 00:03:55,560 and we just did this. 82 00:03:55,560 --> 00:03:56,550 It's going to give us this error. 83 00:03:56,550 --> 00:03:58,080 Again because it's searching 84 00:03:58,080 --> 00:03:59,430 in our present working directory 85 00:03:59,430 --> 00:04:02,910 and there's no etc directory available there. 86 00:04:02,910 --> 00:04:05,670 But once we add the forward slash, 87 00:04:05,670 --> 00:04:07,383 now we're in the etc directory. 88 00:04:09,900 --> 00:04:11,490 Just a tidbit of information. 89 00:04:11,490 --> 00:04:13,470 Again, the bin folder, 90 00:04:13,470 --> 00:04:15,960 that's going to contain a lot of our binary command tools. 91 00:04:15,960 --> 00:04:19,800 So this is going to store pretty much all of our 92 00:04:19,800 --> 00:04:22,260 command functions and essential tools 93 00:04:22,260 --> 00:04:23,400 when we're typing a command line. 94 00:04:23,400 --> 00:04:25,980 For example, if we're using the list command. 95 00:04:25,980 --> 00:04:29,403 So we're listing out the directories and folders, 96 00:04:30,810 --> 00:04:33,120 that command has to be stored somewhere. 97 00:04:33,120 --> 00:04:35,100 And again, the bin, which is, 98 00:04:35,100 --> 00:04:36,720 since we're binary folder, 99 00:04:36,720 --> 00:04:38,670 is where all these commands are stored. 100 00:04:41,820 --> 00:04:43,870 Now this directory typically stores a lot 101 00:04:45,032 --> 00:04:46,530 of our third party installations. 102 00:04:46,530 --> 00:04:48,016 So as you see, 103 00:04:48,016 --> 00:04:48,870 I don't really have any going on here. 104 00:04:48,870 --> 00:04:51,720 But that's where if they were to be installed on the system, 105 00:04:51,720 --> 00:04:53,685 it'll be stored in its option folder. 106 00:04:53,685 --> 00:04:55,290 And the last folder we're just going to go over 107 00:04:55,290 --> 00:04:57,120 is just the prop folder. 108 00:04:57,120 --> 00:04:58,920 Again, this one's going to have 109 00:04:58,920 --> 00:05:00,690 most of our directories. 110 00:05:00,690 --> 00:05:03,360 That's for the virtual file system. 111 00:05:03,360 --> 00:05:04,860 So it represents the information 112 00:05:04,860 --> 00:05:07,500 that's reported by the Colonel. 113 00:05:07,500 --> 00:05:11,670 And again, most distributions use this FHS hierarchy. 114 00:05:11,670 --> 00:05:13,650 So just to make sure that it's consistent 115 00:05:13,650 --> 00:05:16,470 across all of the Linux distributions. 116 00:05:16,470 --> 00:05:18,070 I'll see you in the next lesson.