1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,960 In this lesson, 2 00:00:00,960 --> 00:00:02,009 we're going to dive into the world 3 00:00:02,009 --> 00:00:03,960 of cloud computing technologies. 4 00:00:03,960 --> 00:00:06,960 After all, cloud computing is everywhere these days, 5 00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:10,200 and much of the cloud is built on top of Linux servers. 6 00:00:10,200 --> 00:00:12,450 Cloud computing also leverages networking 7 00:00:12,450 --> 00:00:14,370 so that we can quickly share resources 8 00:00:14,370 --> 00:00:15,660 and our physical servers 9 00:00:15,660 --> 00:00:17,760 are often being replaced with cloud services 10 00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:20,580 to provide infrastructure, services, platforms, 11 00:00:20,580 --> 00:00:22,410 and applications on-demand 12 00:00:22,410 --> 00:00:25,290 across the network or across the internet. 13 00:00:25,290 --> 00:00:26,700 Virtualization technologies 14 00:00:26,700 --> 00:00:28,140 have really revolutionized the way 15 00:00:28,140 --> 00:00:30,480 that hardware is being used in many businesses, 16 00:00:30,480 --> 00:00:33,540 and this forms the basis of cloud computing. 17 00:00:33,540 --> 00:00:36,540 Applications and desktops are becoming more virtualized, 18 00:00:36,540 --> 00:00:39,480 and this provides easier access to users and employees 19 00:00:39,480 --> 00:00:42,090 that makes remote work easier to perform. 20 00:00:42,090 --> 00:00:45,300 The virtualization of these networks, storage, and servers 21 00:00:45,300 --> 00:00:46,500 improves the efficiency 22 00:00:46,500 --> 00:00:49,020 and performance metrics for your organization, 23 00:00:49,020 --> 00:00:50,550 and allows you to have a more powerful 24 00:00:50,550 --> 00:00:52,770 and reliable infrastructure as well. 25 00:00:52,770 --> 00:00:55,500 So, in this lesson, we're going to explore some ways 26 00:00:55,500 --> 00:00:57,540 that we can configure cloud technologies 27 00:00:57,540 --> 00:01:00,780 in order to optimize your own Linux infrastructure. 28 00:01:00,780 --> 00:01:02,850 Now, cloud computing is a relatively new 29 00:01:02,850 --> 00:01:06,090 and rapidly changing aspect of the IT industry. 30 00:01:06,090 --> 00:01:07,680 According to the National Institute 31 00:01:07,680 --> 00:01:09,960 of Standards and Technology, known as NIST, 32 00:01:09,960 --> 00:01:11,700 there are five essential characteristics 33 00:01:11,700 --> 00:01:13,140 of cloud computing. 34 00:01:13,140 --> 00:01:15,420 This includes on-demand self-service, 35 00:01:15,420 --> 00:01:18,150 broad network access, resource pooling, 36 00:01:18,150 --> 00:01:21,240 rapid elasticity, and measured service. 37 00:01:21,240 --> 00:01:23,820 Cloud services are characterized by their flexibility 38 00:01:23,820 --> 00:01:28,230 in terms of deployment, scale, support, and fault tolerance. 39 00:01:28,230 --> 00:01:30,630 By using cloud computing, businesses are able 40 00:01:30,630 --> 00:01:33,240 to rapidly expand their resources on-demand 41 00:01:33,240 --> 00:01:36,990 and only pay for the resources that they actually consume. 42 00:01:36,990 --> 00:01:39,540 There are three primary models of cloud computing 43 00:01:39,540 --> 00:01:42,000 with many subvariations of each one. 44 00:01:42,000 --> 00:01:45,570 These include SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. 45 00:01:45,570 --> 00:01:48,780 Now, SaaS is the software as a service model. 46 00:01:48,780 --> 00:01:51,120 Software as a service provides applications 47 00:01:51,120 --> 00:01:52,620 to your end users. 48 00:01:52,620 --> 00:01:54,570 The applications are not installed directly 49 00:01:54,570 --> 00:01:56,250 on the user's workstation, though, 50 00:01:56,250 --> 00:01:58,200 and are instead delivered over-the-network 51 00:01:58,200 --> 00:01:59,790 as either a web application 52 00:01:59,790 --> 00:02:01,650 or progressive web application 53 00:02:01,650 --> 00:02:04,230 that can be installed on the user's workstation. 54 00:02:04,230 --> 00:02:07,440 For example, I use a project management tool called ClickUp, 55 00:02:07,440 --> 00:02:09,360 which can be used as a web application, 56 00:02:09,360 --> 00:02:12,210 a progressive web application installed on my smartphone, 57 00:02:12,210 --> 00:02:14,220 or as a progressive web application 58 00:02:14,220 --> 00:02:16,230 that's installed on my workstation. 59 00:02:16,230 --> 00:02:17,063 The big difference 60 00:02:17,063 --> 00:02:19,140 with these different SaaS type offerings, though, 61 00:02:19,140 --> 00:02:21,660 is that most of the work and storage of that data 62 00:02:21,660 --> 00:02:23,790 is being done by the cloud services 63 00:02:23,790 --> 00:02:26,490 and not the application that we installed on our smartphone 64 00:02:26,490 --> 00:02:27,780 or our workstation. 65 00:02:27,780 --> 00:02:30,300 And this is really the heart of SaaS. 66 00:02:30,300 --> 00:02:32,100 Next, we have PaaS. 67 00:02:32,100 --> 00:02:34,740 PaaS is the platform as a service model. 68 00:02:34,740 --> 00:02:37,350 The platform as a service model includes virtualization 69 00:02:37,350 --> 00:02:39,930 of the operating system layer of the environment, 70 00:02:39,930 --> 00:02:42,930 as well as some applications or server software. 71 00:02:42,930 --> 00:02:46,110 For example, if you wanted to create your own applications, 72 00:02:46,110 --> 00:02:46,943 you could develop them 73 00:02:46,943 --> 00:02:49,350 using a platform as a service cloud offering 74 00:02:49,350 --> 00:02:51,120 that provides you with a development environment, 75 00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:52,770 a database, and other things 76 00:02:52,770 --> 00:02:54,630 that are ready for you as the customer 77 00:02:54,630 --> 00:02:56,700 to use in your own projects. 78 00:02:56,700 --> 00:02:59,250 These are not fully developed as a SaaS product, 79 00:02:59,250 --> 00:03:00,720 but you can instead use them 80 00:03:00,720 --> 00:03:02,460 to create your own SaaS products 81 00:03:02,460 --> 00:03:04,620 on top of the PaaS cloud offering 82 00:03:04,620 --> 00:03:06,120 that you're going to be using. 83 00:03:06,120 --> 00:03:07,440 This area of cloud computing 84 00:03:07,440 --> 00:03:09,960 is typically going to provide services to developers 85 00:03:09,960 --> 00:03:13,560 and database administrators, not the end user. 86 00:03:13,560 --> 00:03:16,020 The next one we have is known as IaaS. 87 00:03:16,020 --> 00:03:18,960 The IaaS, or infrastructure as a service model, 88 00:03:18,960 --> 00:03:20,790 is going to include the physical devices 89 00:03:20,790 --> 00:03:24,240 such as servers, switches, routers, and other devices 90 00:03:24,240 --> 00:03:25,530 that are virtualized and owned 91 00:03:25,530 --> 00:03:27,330 by the cloud service provider. 92 00:03:27,330 --> 00:03:28,770 This area of cloud computing 93 00:03:28,770 --> 00:03:31,500 typically provides service to system administrators. 94 00:03:31,500 --> 00:03:35,100 For example, if you've ever used Amazon's EC2 service, 95 00:03:35,100 --> 00:03:37,110 you're going to be able to spin up a new virtual machine 96 00:03:37,110 --> 00:03:39,360 on their servers, install Linux on it, 97 00:03:39,360 --> 00:03:41,430 and then configure it to run as a web server, 98 00:03:41,430 --> 00:03:43,620 an email server, a DNS server, 99 00:03:43,620 --> 00:03:46,650 or whatever else you might need for your business needs. 100 00:03:46,650 --> 00:03:47,880 In addition to being classified 101 00:03:47,880 --> 00:03:50,640 as either SaaS, PaaS, or IaaS, 102 00:03:50,640 --> 00:03:52,710 cloud services can also be categorized 103 00:03:52,710 --> 00:03:54,480 based on who owns the cloud environment 104 00:03:54,480 --> 00:03:55,950 that you're going to be using. 105 00:03:55,950 --> 00:03:58,260 This is referred to as a public, private, 106 00:03:58,260 --> 00:04:00,540 or hybrid cloud infrastructure. 107 00:04:00,540 --> 00:04:02,550 First, we have public clouds. 108 00:04:02,550 --> 00:04:05,010 Now, public clouds refer to hardware resources 109 00:04:05,010 --> 00:04:07,170 that are owned by the cloud service provider, 110 00:04:07,170 --> 00:04:09,930 and your customer resources, compute functions, 111 00:04:09,930 --> 00:04:11,580 storage, and other features 112 00:04:11,580 --> 00:04:14,550 can be shared among multiple different customers. 113 00:04:14,550 --> 00:04:17,160 For example, if you've ever used Google Docs, 114 00:04:17,160 --> 00:04:19,500 this is an example of a software as a service 115 00:04:19,500 --> 00:04:20,820 or SaaS product, 116 00:04:20,820 --> 00:04:23,910 but it runs in a public cloud that's owned by Google 117 00:04:23,910 --> 00:04:26,370 as part of their Google Cloud Platform. 118 00:04:26,370 --> 00:04:28,710 Second, we have private clouds. 119 00:04:28,710 --> 00:04:31,200 Private clouds refer to the use of cloud technologies 120 00:04:31,200 --> 00:04:33,180 as an on-premise solution. 121 00:04:33,180 --> 00:04:34,380 In a private cloud, 122 00:04:34,380 --> 00:04:35,880 the organization itself owns 123 00:04:35,880 --> 00:04:38,280 and operates all the servers and infrastructure, 124 00:04:38,280 --> 00:04:40,530 and then provides them to the rest of the organization 125 00:04:40,530 --> 00:04:43,290 to build services and programs on top of it. 126 00:04:43,290 --> 00:04:45,840 Alternatively, an organization can also contract out 127 00:04:45,840 --> 00:04:47,310 to another organization 128 00:04:47,310 --> 00:04:49,230 to create a private cloud for them 129 00:04:49,230 --> 00:04:51,060 by setting aside dedicated hardware 130 00:04:51,060 --> 00:04:53,520 for the contracting organization. 131 00:04:53,520 --> 00:04:56,490 Private clouds are used to satisfy security requirements 132 00:04:56,490 --> 00:04:57,930 and enables a company to control 133 00:04:57,930 --> 00:05:01,440 exactly where their data is residing at any given moment. 134 00:05:01,440 --> 00:05:03,870 And so, this can provide an easier overall management 135 00:05:03,870 --> 00:05:05,370 and higher level of security 136 00:05:05,370 --> 00:05:07,590 than using something like a public cloud. 137 00:05:07,590 --> 00:05:09,390 For example, the US government 138 00:05:09,390 --> 00:05:13,350 has contracted Amazon Web Services to create the GovCloud. 139 00:05:13,350 --> 00:05:16,260 This is a private cloud that's operated by Amazon 140 00:05:16,260 --> 00:05:18,960 for the exclusive use of the US government. 141 00:05:18,960 --> 00:05:20,610 All of the hardware is set aside 142 00:05:20,610 --> 00:05:22,860 and can only be used by government agencies 143 00:05:22,860 --> 00:05:24,990 when they're building their own SaaS, PaaS, 144 00:05:24,990 --> 00:05:27,393 and IaaS solutions inside of the GovCloud. 145 00:05:28,380 --> 00:05:30,450 Third, we have hybrid clouds. 146 00:05:30,450 --> 00:05:32,250 Now, hybrid clouds are a combination 147 00:05:32,250 --> 00:05:34,590 of the other two concepts we just discussed: 148 00:05:34,590 --> 00:05:36,840 public clouds and private clouds. 149 00:05:36,840 --> 00:05:39,690 This can enable more cost-effective management for you, 150 00:05:39,690 --> 00:05:42,630 but it also gives you the strict security management you get 151 00:05:42,630 --> 00:05:44,340 with private clouds. 152 00:05:44,340 --> 00:05:47,730 For example, my company has local file servers that we use 153 00:05:47,730 --> 00:05:50,310 as part of our on-premise private cloud. 154 00:05:50,310 --> 00:05:53,130 Then, we could connect our internal private cloud 155 00:05:53,130 --> 00:05:56,790 to some EC2 instances inside of the AWS public cloud 156 00:05:56,790 --> 00:05:59,880 to create a larger and more robust enterprise network. 157 00:05:59,880 --> 00:06:02,910 This is now spanning both the public and private clouds, 158 00:06:02,910 --> 00:06:05,490 so it becomes a hybrid cloud. 159 00:06:05,490 --> 00:06:06,420 Now, there are many different 160 00:06:06,420 --> 00:06:08,070 cloud service providers out there, 161 00:06:08,070 --> 00:06:10,320 but the three biggest ones you're going to come across 162 00:06:10,320 --> 00:06:13,260 are Amazon Web Services, known as AWS; 163 00:06:13,260 --> 00:06:15,600 Microsoft Azure, known as Azure; 164 00:06:15,600 --> 00:06:19,260 and the Google Cloud Platform, known as GCP. 165 00:06:19,260 --> 00:06:20,700 Amazon Web Services 166 00:06:20,700 --> 00:06:23,160 is used to support many different deployment options 167 00:06:23,160 --> 00:06:25,500 with a wide variety of cloud-based services 168 00:06:25,500 --> 00:06:28,560 under the SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS models. 169 00:06:28,560 --> 00:06:30,720 By default, AWS instances 170 00:06:30,720 --> 00:06:32,730 are built on a customized Linux solution 171 00:06:32,730 --> 00:06:34,950 known as Amazon Linux AMI 172 00:06:34,950 --> 00:06:37,980 or the Amazon Linux Amazon Machine Image. 173 00:06:37,980 --> 00:06:41,010 If you choose to use the Amazon Linux AMI solution, 174 00:06:41,010 --> 00:06:43,620 you don't have to pay any licensing costs upfront 175 00:06:43,620 --> 00:06:45,930 because it is free and open-source for you to use 176 00:06:45,930 --> 00:06:48,000 inside the AWS cloud. 177 00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:48,900 On the other hand, 178 00:06:48,900 --> 00:06:50,790 you can also choose to use Windows servers 179 00:06:50,790 --> 00:06:52,560 inside of AWS, too, 180 00:06:52,560 --> 00:06:54,720 but you will have to pay higher costs 181 00:06:54,720 --> 00:06:57,570 to cover the licensing of those server's operating systems 182 00:06:57,570 --> 00:06:59,250 for any instances that you spin up 183 00:06:59,250 --> 00:07:01,680 and start running inside your cloud. 184 00:07:01,680 --> 00:07:03,420 Microsoft Azure also provides 185 00:07:03,420 --> 00:07:06,270 a lot of different deployment options and services. 186 00:07:06,270 --> 00:07:08,370 Pretty much everything you can do in AWS, 187 00:07:08,370 --> 00:07:11,700 you can also do in Microsoft Azure's cloud environment, too. 188 00:07:11,700 --> 00:07:15,090 Microsoft Azure does support both Windows Analytics servers 189 00:07:15,090 --> 00:07:16,800 inside its cloud environment. 190 00:07:16,800 --> 00:07:19,620 But, of course, because Azure is run by Microsoft, 191 00:07:19,620 --> 00:07:21,090 they do tend to try and convince you 192 00:07:21,090 --> 00:07:23,160 to run Windows servers by default. 193 00:07:23,160 --> 00:07:24,960 But, it does support the deployment 194 00:07:24,960 --> 00:07:26,310 of Linux-based solutions, 195 00:07:26,310 --> 00:07:29,520 not just Windows solutions if you want to use those. 196 00:07:29,520 --> 00:07:33,090 Third, we have GCP or the Google Cloud Platform. 197 00:07:33,090 --> 00:07:34,440 This is the third major player 198 00:07:34,440 --> 00:07:36,660 inside the cloud services industry. 199 00:07:36,660 --> 00:07:38,640 Just like AWS and Azure, 200 00:07:38,640 --> 00:07:42,060 GCP can support SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS deployments 201 00:07:42,060 --> 00:07:44,730 using both Linux and Windows servers. 202 00:07:44,730 --> 00:07:46,890 Now, in addition to these three major players, 203 00:07:46,890 --> 00:07:50,040 Red Hat also provides a Linux-based cloud solution 204 00:07:50,040 --> 00:07:52,680 that's designed as a full-featured private cloud 205 00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:55,230 for organizations that are more security-conscious 206 00:07:55,230 --> 00:07:56,400 and want to be able to control 207 00:07:56,400 --> 00:07:58,800 their own hardware and infrastructure. 208 00:07:58,800 --> 00:08:00,330 All these cloud service providers 209 00:08:00,330 --> 00:08:04,260 allow you to use compute, storage, database, IoT, 210 00:08:04,260 --> 00:08:05,760 development platforms, 211 00:08:05,760 --> 00:08:08,580 business continuity services, data center management, 212 00:08:08,580 --> 00:08:12,000 and lots of scalability inside of their offerings. 213 00:08:12,000 --> 00:08:14,340 Now, this lesson was really just a quick review 214 00:08:14,340 --> 00:08:17,610 from your A+, Network+, and Security+ studies. 215 00:08:17,610 --> 00:08:19,320 So, I really just wanted to go over the concepts 216 00:08:19,320 --> 00:08:21,930 surrounding the SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS, 217 00:08:21,930 --> 00:08:24,510 as well as public, private, and hybrid clouds 218 00:08:24,510 --> 00:08:26,040 to ensure you have a solid foundation 219 00:08:26,040 --> 00:08:27,990 before we move further into the course.