1 00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:01,710 In this video, we're going to discuss 2 00:00:01,710 --> 00:00:03,120 how you can acquire software 3 00:00:03,120 --> 00:00:05,880 using Linux commands from the command line. 4 00:00:05,880 --> 00:00:07,500 Previously, you learned about installing 5 00:00:07,500 --> 00:00:09,960 a software repository as your primary method 6 00:00:09,960 --> 00:00:12,720 of installing apps or acquiring software in Linux. 7 00:00:12,720 --> 00:00:15,540 However, this isn't the only way to do things. 8 00:00:15,540 --> 00:00:18,150 You can also download software using the command line, 9 00:00:18,150 --> 00:00:20,520 or by writing a script to automate the download 10 00:00:20,520 --> 00:00:22,920 and installation process for you. 11 00:00:22,920 --> 00:00:25,260 Because of the open source nature of Linux software, 12 00:00:25,260 --> 00:00:26,490 it is very common for you 13 00:00:26,490 --> 00:00:28,590 to be able to freely download applications 14 00:00:28,590 --> 00:00:29,820 directly from a website 15 00:00:29,820 --> 00:00:31,950 or from your applications vendor. 16 00:00:31,950 --> 00:00:34,380 In addition to this, there's many websites out there 17 00:00:34,380 --> 00:00:37,200 that centralize information about available software 18 00:00:37,200 --> 00:00:39,480 as well as different Linux distributions. 19 00:00:39,480 --> 00:00:41,370 You can search the internet for Linux software 20 00:00:41,370 --> 00:00:43,710 and come up with lots of great examples. 21 00:00:43,710 --> 00:00:45,840 For example, there's programs like Audacity 22 00:00:45,840 --> 00:00:47,070 to do sound editing, 23 00:00:47,070 --> 00:00:48,870 GIMP to do image manipulation, 24 00:00:48,870 --> 00:00:51,120 and Nmap to do network scans. 25 00:00:51,120 --> 00:00:53,100 All of these are open source software 26 00:00:53,100 --> 00:00:54,900 that you can download from GitHub 27 00:00:54,900 --> 00:00:56,160 or the vendor's website 28 00:00:56,160 --> 00:00:58,740 depending on how they like to distribute their software. 29 00:00:58,740 --> 00:01:00,600 Now, most of us when we go online 30 00:01:00,600 --> 00:01:01,980 and we download files, 31 00:01:01,980 --> 00:01:03,780 we do this using our web browser. 32 00:01:03,780 --> 00:01:06,330 So we go and use Firefox or Google Chrome, 33 00:01:06,330 --> 00:01:09,270 we go over to a website like diontraining.com, 34 00:01:09,270 --> 00:01:10,530 we find the link we want, 35 00:01:10,530 --> 00:01:12,870 we click on it, and the file downloads. 36 00:01:12,870 --> 00:01:14,490 Now, that's a great way to do things 37 00:01:14,490 --> 00:01:17,040 but it's also possible to access websites 38 00:01:17,040 --> 00:01:18,660 by using your command line. 39 00:01:18,660 --> 00:01:20,190 And this is especially useful 40 00:01:20,190 --> 00:01:21,900 when you're trying to download files 41 00:01:21,900 --> 00:01:23,520 that you already know where they're located 42 00:01:23,520 --> 00:01:24,960 by knowing the URL, 43 00:01:24,960 --> 00:01:27,030 and that way you can script these things. 44 00:01:27,030 --> 00:01:28,260 To do this, you can use 45 00:01:28,260 --> 00:01:30,960 either the wget or curl commands. 46 00:01:30,960 --> 00:01:33,090 These can both be used inside of a script 47 00:01:33,090 --> 00:01:34,500 or inside of the Bash shell, 48 00:01:34,500 --> 00:01:36,180 and that can help you automate the process 49 00:01:36,180 --> 00:01:37,800 of downloading package files 50 00:01:37,800 --> 00:01:39,630 or the source code itself. 51 00:01:39,630 --> 00:01:41,640 For instance, if I wanted to download a file 52 00:01:41,640 --> 00:01:44,580 from the Samba website using the wget command, 53 00:01:44,580 --> 00:01:45,819 I could simply enter 54 00:01:45,819 --> 00:01:50,819 wget http://download.samba.org/pub/samba/samba-latest.tar.gz 55 00:01:57,690 --> 00:02:00,990 and this will download the tarball gunzip file 56 00:02:00,990 --> 00:02:02,820 of the latest version of Samba 57 00:02:02,820 --> 00:02:04,800 that I may want to install. 58 00:02:04,800 --> 00:02:07,020 Now wget and curl both perform 59 00:02:07,020 --> 00:02:08,789 basically the same function, 60 00:02:08,789 --> 00:02:11,160 but there are some differences between them. 61 00:02:11,160 --> 00:02:13,530 First, let's talk about wget. 62 00:02:13,530 --> 00:02:16,890 Wget, for example, is a command line utility only, 63 00:02:16,890 --> 00:02:19,170 but curl can actually be implemented 64 00:02:19,170 --> 00:02:22,620 using a cross platform library known as libcurl, 65 00:02:22,620 --> 00:02:25,380 and this makes it easily imported into other systems 66 00:02:25,380 --> 00:02:28,020 like OS X and Windows. 67 00:02:28,020 --> 00:02:30,720 Wget can also download files recursively 68 00:02:30,720 --> 00:02:32,760 but curl can't do that. 69 00:02:32,760 --> 00:02:34,680 And that means if it finds one file 70 00:02:34,680 --> 00:02:36,000 and that's what you told it to go to, 71 00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:37,830 that's the only thing it's going to download, 72 00:02:37,830 --> 00:02:39,900 whereas wget can actually download things 73 00:02:39,900 --> 00:02:41,460 underneath certain directories 74 00:02:41,460 --> 00:02:43,350 and download all the files. 75 00:02:43,350 --> 00:02:47,730 Wget supports downloading using HTTP or HTTPS 76 00:02:47,730 --> 00:02:49,020 as well as FTP, 77 00:02:49,020 --> 00:02:52,350 but curl can support many other network protocols. 78 00:02:52,350 --> 00:02:54,000 Wget is actually better suited 79 00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:55,650 for straightforward downloading of files 80 00:02:55,650 --> 00:02:56,730 from a web server, 81 00:02:56,730 --> 00:02:58,320 but curl is much better suited 82 00:02:58,320 --> 00:03:00,660 to building and managing more complex requests 83 00:03:00,660 --> 00:03:02,640 and responses from different web servers, 84 00:03:02,640 --> 00:03:04,620 and so when you're making more complex things 85 00:03:04,620 --> 00:03:06,540 inside of your automations and scripts, 86 00:03:06,540 --> 00:03:08,490 you'll probably lean towards curl. 87 00:03:08,490 --> 00:03:09,720 Now to use either of these, 88 00:03:09,720 --> 00:03:11,460 it's basically the same format. 89 00:03:11,460 --> 00:03:12,930 You're going to type in wget, 90 00:03:12,930 --> 00:03:14,640 the options, and the URL, 91 00:03:14,640 --> 00:03:17,910 or curl, the options and the URL. 92 00:03:17,910 --> 00:03:20,250 Now, Linux also has two useful utilities 93 00:03:20,250 --> 00:03:22,380 that can help you manage your files. 94 00:03:22,380 --> 00:03:25,230 These are known as tar and gzip. 95 00:03:25,230 --> 00:03:28,950 You'll notice it ended with .tar.gz. 96 00:03:28,950 --> 00:03:32,520 Well, tar is actually what's known as a tar bundle. 97 00:03:32,520 --> 00:03:34,800 Tar stands for tape archiver, 98 00:03:34,800 --> 00:03:37,830 and a tar file actually bundles together multiple files 99 00:03:37,830 --> 00:03:41,130 into a single tarball with a tar extension. 100 00:03:41,130 --> 00:03:42,990 This makes it easier to download things 101 00:03:42,990 --> 00:03:45,180 because I can just download one thing 102 00:03:45,180 --> 00:03:47,190 that has all the files inside of it. 103 00:03:47,190 --> 00:03:49,080 But, there's no real compression here 104 00:03:49,080 --> 00:03:50,580 or anything like that. 105 00:03:50,580 --> 00:03:51,510 The server administrator 106 00:03:51,510 --> 00:03:53,310 will actually create the bundle of files 107 00:03:53,310 --> 00:03:55,350 and save them as a .tar, 108 00:03:55,350 --> 00:03:57,120 and then whoever downloads that bundle 109 00:03:57,120 --> 00:03:59,127 will have to extract those files from it 110 00:03:59,127 --> 00:04:01,200 to be able to get all the files back out. 111 00:04:01,200 --> 00:04:03,210 For example, if I wanted to take every image 112 00:04:03,210 --> 00:04:05,010 that's displayed inside this course 113 00:04:05,010 --> 00:04:06,780 and put it in a single directory, 114 00:04:06,780 --> 00:04:08,310 I can do that on my computer, 115 00:04:08,310 --> 00:04:10,170 but if I wanted to give that entire directory 116 00:04:10,170 --> 00:04:12,150 and all the hundreds of images to you, 117 00:04:12,150 --> 00:04:13,410 that would be pretty difficult. 118 00:04:13,410 --> 00:04:15,300 But if I put them in a tarball, 119 00:04:15,300 --> 00:04:16,500 I can give you one file 120 00:04:16,500 --> 00:04:18,690 that when you untar it on your system, 121 00:04:18,690 --> 00:04:21,750 you would now have the hundred of image files inside of it. 122 00:04:21,750 --> 00:04:25,020 So to do this, we would use the tar command. 123 00:04:25,020 --> 00:04:27,450 Now the tar command uses the -c option 124 00:04:27,450 --> 00:04:29,010 to create the tarball. 125 00:04:29,010 --> 00:04:32,670 If I use the -x option, that will extract the tarball, 126 00:04:32,670 --> 00:04:34,170 and if I use the -v option, 127 00:04:34,170 --> 00:04:35,970 that will enable verbose mode, 128 00:04:35,970 --> 00:04:38,280 if I use -r, this will append more files 129 00:04:38,280 --> 00:04:39,810 to an existing tarball, 130 00:04:39,810 --> 00:04:42,240 and -t will actually test the tarball 131 00:04:42,240 --> 00:04:44,850 to see what files are included in the tarball. 132 00:04:44,850 --> 00:04:46,500 Finally, we have -f, 133 00:04:46,500 --> 00:04:48,720 which will specify the name of the tarball 134 00:04:48,720 --> 00:04:50,130 in the next argument. 135 00:04:50,130 --> 00:04:52,590 So for example, if I wanted to create a tarball 136 00:04:52,590 --> 00:04:54,090 that contain all my images, 137 00:04:54,090 --> 00:04:59,090 I can type in tar -c and then -f images.tar. 138 00:05:00,510 --> 00:05:02,280 This creates an empty tarball 139 00:05:02,280 --> 00:05:04,320 that will now hold all of my images. 140 00:05:04,320 --> 00:05:06,300 Now if I wanted put all the images in it, 141 00:05:06,300 --> 00:05:08,340 I can then do that using the append option 142 00:05:08,340 --> 00:05:11,250 of tar -r and then put all those files 143 00:05:11,250 --> 00:05:13,230 into the existing tarball. 144 00:05:13,230 --> 00:05:14,610 Now, another thing you might want to do 145 00:05:14,610 --> 00:05:16,560 is actually reduce the size of this, 146 00:05:16,560 --> 00:05:18,000 because if I gave you a tarball 147 00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:19,680 that contained hundreds of images, 148 00:05:19,680 --> 00:05:21,960 that's going to be a really large file. 149 00:05:21,960 --> 00:05:24,000 So, we're going to want to compress that, 150 00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:26,010 and this will actually take one or more files 151 00:05:26,010 --> 00:05:27,390 and reduce their size, 152 00:05:27,390 --> 00:05:29,430 which makes downloads a lot easier 153 00:05:29,430 --> 00:05:31,140 and a lot more efficient. 154 00:05:31,140 --> 00:05:31,973 Now, there are lots 155 00:05:31,973 --> 00:05:33,900 of different compression formats available, 156 00:05:33,900 --> 00:05:36,120 but the one we're going to cover first is gzip 157 00:05:36,120 --> 00:05:38,010 because you already saw it earlier 158 00:05:38,010 --> 00:05:41,940 when I showed you the .tar.gz extension. 159 00:05:41,940 --> 00:05:43,860 When you compress a file with gzip, 160 00:05:43,860 --> 00:05:46,920 the resulting extension is going to be .gz. 161 00:05:46,920 --> 00:05:48,150 And just like you saw earlier 162 00:05:48,150 --> 00:05:49,950 with the Samba example I used, 163 00:05:49,950 --> 00:05:52,800 it was a .tar.gz. 164 00:05:52,800 --> 00:05:53,790 Why was this? 165 00:05:53,790 --> 00:05:55,770 Well, because first they created a tarball 166 00:05:55,770 --> 00:05:57,300 with all the files we wanted, 167 00:05:57,300 --> 00:06:00,180 and then we compressed it using gzip. 168 00:06:00,180 --> 00:06:02,160 Now, this compressed tarball format 169 00:06:02,160 --> 00:06:04,770 is either going to be written as .tar.gz 170 00:06:04,770 --> 00:06:08,100 or it can be shortened to .tgz 171 00:06:08,100 --> 00:06:09,720 as its file extension. 172 00:06:09,720 --> 00:06:11,370 Most file repositories, 173 00:06:11,370 --> 00:06:13,170 that are going to distribute software packages 174 00:06:13,170 --> 00:06:16,620 will do so in a tarball gzip format. 175 00:06:16,620 --> 00:06:18,600 To use gzip and compress a file, 176 00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:21,090 simply type in gzip and the file name 177 00:06:21,090 --> 00:06:24,810 and the resulting file will be called file name .gz. 178 00:06:24,810 --> 00:06:26,190 If you want to decompress it 179 00:06:26,190 --> 00:06:28,800 because you downloaded a .gz file, 180 00:06:28,800 --> 00:06:32,340 you're simply going to type in gzip -d and the file name 181 00:06:32,340 --> 00:06:33,840 to decompress that file 182 00:06:33,840 --> 00:06:36,120 and now it'll be back to the original format. 183 00:06:36,120 --> 00:06:40,890 So once I've downloaded samba-latest.tar.gz, 184 00:06:40,890 --> 00:06:45,683 I would type in gzip -d samba-latest.tar.gz 185 00:06:46,740 --> 00:06:47,730 and hit Enter. 186 00:06:47,730 --> 00:06:49,170 This will uncompress it, 187 00:06:49,170 --> 00:06:53,730 and give me the resulting file of samba-latest.tar. 188 00:06:53,730 --> 00:06:56,010 Now, if I want the files inside of that 189 00:06:56,010 --> 00:06:58,110 I need to untar that tarball. 190 00:06:58,110 --> 00:07:03,110 And to do that, I'm going to use tar -x samba-latest.tar 191 00:07:03,690 --> 00:07:04,890 and hit Enter. 192 00:07:04,890 --> 00:07:06,720 This will then ungroup that tarball 193 00:07:06,720 --> 00:07:08,400 into the individual files 194 00:07:08,400 --> 00:07:11,760 that are contained inside of the samba-latest tarball 195 00:07:11,760 --> 00:07:14,040 that we have downloaded from the internet. 196 00:07:14,040 --> 00:07:16,500 Now, there are other compression programs out there as well 197 00:07:16,500 --> 00:07:17,333 but by far, 198 00:07:17,333 --> 00:07:20,160 the most common you're going to see is gzip. 199 00:07:20,160 --> 00:07:22,170 But let's talk about three other ones. 200 00:07:22,170 --> 00:07:24,870 We have bzip2, zip, and xz. 201 00:07:24,870 --> 00:07:27,420 First let's talk about bzip2. 202 00:07:27,420 --> 00:07:29,400 bzip2 is a command line utility 203 00:07:29,400 --> 00:07:31,170 that's used for file compression. 204 00:07:31,170 --> 00:07:33,480 It can only compress a single file at a time 205 00:07:33,480 --> 00:07:35,100 just like gzip. 206 00:07:35,100 --> 00:07:38,490 Now, bzip2 does use a different compression algorithm 207 00:07:38,490 --> 00:07:39,810 known as the Burrows-Wheeler 208 00:07:39,810 --> 00:07:42,090 block sorting text compression algorithm, 209 00:07:42,090 --> 00:07:44,850 and it uses Huffman as its coding mechanism. 210 00:07:44,850 --> 00:07:46,590 That said, what you really need to remember 211 00:07:46,590 --> 00:07:49,230 is that bzip2 is a program that you can use 212 00:07:49,230 --> 00:07:52,890 to compress and decompress one single file. 213 00:07:52,890 --> 00:07:54,870 To use bzip2, you're going to use it 214 00:07:54,870 --> 00:07:56,970 just like you did gzip. 215 00:07:56,970 --> 00:07:59,220 To compress a file using bzip2, 216 00:07:59,220 --> 00:08:03,360 simply type in bzip2 -z and the name of the file 217 00:08:03,360 --> 00:08:06,930 such as samba-latest.tar. 218 00:08:06,930 --> 00:08:09,120 When you do this, your file extension 219 00:08:09,120 --> 00:08:12,900 will show up as .tar.bz2. 220 00:08:12,900 --> 00:08:14,400 To decompress this file, 221 00:08:14,400 --> 00:08:18,840 simply type bzip2 -d and the file name. 222 00:08:18,840 --> 00:08:21,180 The next one we have is known as zip. 223 00:08:21,180 --> 00:08:24,480 Now, zip is a widely used archive file format 224 00:08:24,480 --> 00:08:27,060 that supports lossless data compression. 225 00:08:27,060 --> 00:08:28,590 Zip is basically a file 226 00:08:28,590 --> 00:08:30,510 that contains one or more compressed files 227 00:08:30,510 --> 00:08:32,250 or directories inside of it, 228 00:08:32,250 --> 00:08:35,940 and this will usually have a .zip file extension. 229 00:08:35,940 --> 00:08:37,080 The nice thing about zip 230 00:08:37,080 --> 00:08:39,780 is that you don't have to create a tar file first, 231 00:08:39,780 --> 00:08:41,190 because you can actually zip up 232 00:08:41,190 --> 00:08:43,440 multiple files at once. 233 00:08:43,440 --> 00:08:46,680 To zip one or more files, simply type in zip, 234 00:08:46,680 --> 00:08:48,510 the archive name that you want to use, 235 00:08:48,510 --> 00:08:50,100 and then a list of file names 236 00:08:50,100 --> 00:08:51,960 with a space between each one. 237 00:08:51,960 --> 00:08:54,150 So for example, I might use something like 238 00:08:54,150 --> 00:08:59,150 zip Jason.zip Jason Dion Training. 239 00:09:01,380 --> 00:09:02,910 This would take the three files, 240 00:09:02,910 --> 00:09:04,890 Jason, Dion, and Training, 241 00:09:04,890 --> 00:09:08,550 and place them into the zip archive, Jason.zip. 242 00:09:08,550 --> 00:09:10,920 Now, if I want to get those files out of the zip file, 243 00:09:10,920 --> 00:09:11,910 how do I do that? 244 00:09:11,910 --> 00:09:14,070 Well, there's actually a separate command for that 245 00:09:14,070 --> 00:09:15,450 called unzip. 246 00:09:15,450 --> 00:09:18,240 And to use this, we're simply going to type in unzip, 247 00:09:18,240 --> 00:09:19,620 and then the name of the file. 248 00:09:19,620 --> 00:09:23,370 So, unzip Jason.zip will then take out 249 00:09:23,370 --> 00:09:24,870 the three files I had, 250 00:09:24,870 --> 00:09:27,300 in this case, Jason, Dion, and Training, 251 00:09:27,300 --> 00:09:29,520 and place them into the current directory. 252 00:09:29,520 --> 00:09:32,010 If I want to specify where I want them to go, 253 00:09:32,010 --> 00:09:35,400 I can type in unzip, the file name, -d, 254 00:09:35,400 --> 00:09:37,290 and then the path to that directory. 255 00:09:37,290 --> 00:09:39,570 And that way, those files will go where I want them to 256 00:09:39,570 --> 00:09:41,733 and not just the current working directory. 257 00:09:42,630 --> 00:09:44,940 Now xz is the final type of compression 258 00:09:44,940 --> 00:09:45,777 that we're going to talk about. 259 00:09:45,777 --> 00:09:47,580 And xz was actually created 260 00:09:47,580 --> 00:09:50,580 as an upgraded version of gzip, essentially. 261 00:09:50,580 --> 00:09:52,980 It does all the same things that gzip will do, 262 00:09:52,980 --> 00:09:55,380 and it does them pretty much with the same options. 263 00:09:55,380 --> 00:09:56,213 The difference is 264 00:09:56,213 --> 00:09:58,320 you're going to get a much smaller file size 265 00:09:58,320 --> 00:10:00,900 as a result because it has better compression. 266 00:10:00,900 --> 00:10:02,460 Now, the drawback to xz 267 00:10:02,460 --> 00:10:04,170 is that it doesn't ship by default 268 00:10:04,170 --> 00:10:06,330 with all Linux distributions. 269 00:10:06,330 --> 00:10:07,380 So you're going to have to install it 270 00:10:07,380 --> 00:10:11,250 using a package manager like YUM, DNF, or APT, 271 00:10:11,250 --> 00:10:13,320 depending on the Linux distribution that you're using 272 00:10:13,320 --> 00:10:15,450 if you want to use xz. 273 00:10:15,450 --> 00:10:17,190 Now with xz, if you're going to use it 274 00:10:17,190 --> 00:10:18,420 to compress a single file 275 00:10:18,420 --> 00:10:19,980 just like you did with gzip, 276 00:10:19,980 --> 00:10:22,260 it operates the exact same way. 277 00:10:22,260 --> 00:10:24,990 You type in xz and the name of the file, 278 00:10:24,990 --> 00:10:28,560 such as samba-latest.tar 279 00:10:28,560 --> 00:10:30,540 Then, you can decompress that 280 00:10:30,540 --> 00:10:32,250 by using the -d option. 281 00:10:32,250 --> 00:10:37,037 So, xz -d samba-latest.tar.xz, 282 00:10:38,760 --> 00:10:40,980 and this would then decompress that file 283 00:10:40,980 --> 00:10:43,770 back into the .tar file. 284 00:10:43,770 --> 00:10:44,700 Now, in this lesson, 285 00:10:44,700 --> 00:10:46,080 I've talked a lot about tar 286 00:10:46,080 --> 00:10:47,640 and the different compression formats 287 00:10:47,640 --> 00:10:48,570 that you can use 288 00:10:48,570 --> 00:10:52,740 such as gzip, bzip2, zip, and xz. 289 00:10:52,740 --> 00:10:54,480 But it's important to note that tar 290 00:10:54,480 --> 00:10:56,940 can also do some of that compression for you 291 00:10:56,940 --> 00:10:58,860 when you're creating your tar bundle. 292 00:10:58,860 --> 00:11:00,030 And I saved this for the end 293 00:11:00,030 --> 00:11:02,400 because I wanted to make sure you understood the concept 294 00:11:02,400 --> 00:11:04,020 of grouping the files together 295 00:11:04,020 --> 00:11:05,490 using the tar functions, 296 00:11:05,490 --> 00:11:08,130 and then compressing them using the compressor. 297 00:11:08,130 --> 00:11:09,540 Now, when you're doing this, 298 00:11:09,540 --> 00:11:11,760 you can specify which option you want 299 00:11:11,760 --> 00:11:14,100 for which compressor you want to use. 300 00:11:14,100 --> 00:11:17,493 For example, I can use tar -cfz, 301 00:11:18,900 --> 00:11:20,430 and then the file name. 302 00:11:20,430 --> 00:11:21,510 What is this doing? 303 00:11:21,510 --> 00:11:24,394 Well, the -c creates the tarball, 304 00:11:24,394 --> 00:11:27,360 f uses the file name I specified, 305 00:11:27,360 --> 00:11:30,300 and -z says to use this archive 306 00:11:30,300 --> 00:11:32,520 and compress it using gzip. 307 00:11:32,520 --> 00:11:34,020 Now, if I wanted to use bzip2 308 00:11:34,020 --> 00:11:35,280 as my compression instead, 309 00:11:35,280 --> 00:11:39,780 I would use tar -cf lowercase j. 310 00:11:39,780 --> 00:11:43,530 And this says to use bzip2 as my compression engine. 311 00:11:43,530 --> 00:11:46,260 Now, if I wanted to use xz instead 312 00:11:46,260 --> 00:11:47,490 as my compression engine, 313 00:11:47,490 --> 00:11:51,960 I would use tar -cf capital J, 314 00:11:51,960 --> 00:11:54,000 and this tells it I want to use xz 315 00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:55,560 for that compression. 316 00:11:55,560 --> 00:11:56,790 So as you can see, 317 00:11:56,790 --> 00:11:58,320 tar can be used to either 318 00:11:58,320 --> 00:12:02,400 gzip, bzip2, or xz compress your files 319 00:12:02,400 --> 00:12:04,230 inside of that tarball. 320 00:12:04,230 --> 00:12:06,270 Now notice tar cannot use zip 321 00:12:06,270 --> 00:12:07,530 as a compression format 322 00:12:07,530 --> 00:12:11,313 but it can use gzip, bzip2, or xz.