1 1 00:00:00,480 --> 00:00:01,450 In the last video, 2 2 00:00:01,450 --> 00:00:03,640 we talked about the fact that there was Ad Hoc 3 3 00:00:03,640 --> 00:00:05,050 and Infrastructure mode, 4 4 00:00:05,050 --> 00:00:07,500 and I said, we'd come back to that and dig a little deeper. 5 5 00:00:07,500 --> 00:00:09,910 Well, in this lesson, we're going to do that. 6 6 00:00:09,910 --> 00:00:11,740 First. we have Ad Hoc mode. 7 7 00:00:11,740 --> 00:00:13,310 Now, when we use Ad Hoc mode, 8 8 00:00:13,310 --> 00:00:16,360 we're actually using what is called the IBSS 9 9 00:00:16,360 --> 00:00:19,180 or the Independent Basic Server Set. 10 10 00:00:19,180 --> 00:00:20,380 You'll notice in this diagram 11 11 00:00:20,380 --> 00:00:22,400 that I have a wired network on the first floor 12 12 00:00:22,400 --> 00:00:24,800 and I have two devices connecting wirelessly 13 13 00:00:24,800 --> 00:00:26,780 to each other, on the second floor. 14 14 00:00:26,780 --> 00:00:28,980 Notice, these two devices on the second floor 15 15 00:00:28,980 --> 00:00:31,730 are not talking to anybody on the first floor. 16 16 00:00:31,730 --> 00:00:34,210 They are a separate network and they are talking only 17 17 00:00:34,210 --> 00:00:37,670 in a peer-to-peer configuration using that Ad Hoc mode. 18 18 00:00:37,670 --> 00:00:38,700 So these devices, 19 19 00:00:38,700 --> 00:00:40,250 because they're in an Ad Hoc mode, 20 20 00:00:40,250 --> 00:00:41,690 have no access to the internet 21 21 00:00:41,690 --> 00:00:43,860 and no access to the local area network. 22 22 00:00:43,860 --> 00:00:46,000 They're operating solely in Ad Hoc mode, 23 23 00:00:46,000 --> 00:00:47,900 in that peer-to-peer method. 24 24 00:00:47,900 --> 00:00:49,760 Next, I want to show you what it looks like 25 25 00:00:49,760 --> 00:00:53,290 when you have BSS, or a Basic Server Set. 26 26 00:00:53,290 --> 00:00:55,180 Now, notice my second floor devices 27 27 00:00:55,180 --> 00:00:58,650 are connecting wirelessly down to the wireless access point, 28 28 00:00:58,650 --> 00:01:00,130 and the device on the first floor 29 29 00:01:00,130 --> 00:01:01,770 is actually connecting wirelessly 30 30 00:01:01,770 --> 00:01:03,850 to a wireless access point, as well. 31 31 00:01:03,850 --> 00:01:05,480 Then there's a hard line cable 32 32 00:01:05,480 --> 00:01:08,130 going between the access point and the switch. 33 33 00:01:08,130 --> 00:01:10,170 This is how we're going to connect all of our stuff 34 34 00:01:10,170 --> 00:01:12,960 in this small office, home office environment. 35 35 00:01:12,960 --> 00:01:15,230 Now in your house, if you have wifi, 36 36 00:01:15,230 --> 00:01:17,170 this is most likely what you're doing. 37 37 00:01:17,170 --> 00:01:19,840 You have one access point that's connected to your network, 38 38 00:01:19,840 --> 00:01:22,290 and that's how it makes a connection out to the internet. 39 39 00:01:22,290 --> 00:01:24,860 Now, this is our first Infrastructure mode. 40 40 00:01:24,860 --> 00:01:27,720 This is what we call the Basic Server Set. 41 41 00:01:27,720 --> 00:01:28,920 Now, the second one we have 42 42 00:01:28,920 --> 00:01:31,463 is what's known as an Extended Server Set or ESS. 43 43 00:01:32,530 --> 00:01:35,000 Now, notice here because this building is so large, 44 44 00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:37,400 I have two different wireless access points, 45 45 00:01:37,400 --> 00:01:40,580 I have one for the first floor and one for the second floor. 46 46 00:01:40,580 --> 00:01:43,790 Both of these access points are hardwired back using either 47 47 00:01:43,790 --> 00:01:45,910 a Cat5 or a Cat5e cable, 48 48 00:01:45,910 --> 00:01:47,980 to a switch on the first floor. 49 49 00:01:47,980 --> 00:01:49,910 They're now providing service wirelessly 50 50 00:01:49,910 --> 00:01:51,410 to their designated floor, 51 51 00:01:51,410 --> 00:01:53,730 either the first floor or the second floor. 52 52 00:01:53,730 --> 00:01:56,000 Now they're working in conjunction with each other 53 53 00:01:56,000 --> 00:01:59,020 so that we have a full coverage over the entire building, 54 54 00:01:59,020 --> 00:02:01,620 and they're all going to have the same wireless network name 55 55 00:02:01,620 --> 00:02:03,970 when you look for it using your device. 56 56 00:02:03,970 --> 00:02:05,710 So, if you come to my house, for instance, 57 57 00:02:05,710 --> 00:02:07,550 we have a network called Dion. 58 58 00:02:07,550 --> 00:02:10,290 We have several access points spread throughout the house, 59 59 00:02:10,290 --> 00:02:13,490 operating in what's known as the Extended Server Set mode. 60 60 00:02:13,490 --> 00:02:15,560 The reason why, is we wanted to have good coverage 61 61 00:02:15,560 --> 00:02:18,120 for everyone in the house, no matter where they're standing. 62 62 00:02:18,120 --> 00:02:19,510 If you're down in my basement, 63 63 00:02:19,510 --> 00:02:20,920 or you're up on my main level, 64 64 00:02:20,920 --> 00:02:22,410 you're still going to get good service 65 65 00:02:22,410 --> 00:02:24,400 because of our Extended Server Set. 66 66 00:02:24,400 --> 00:02:26,430 Now, the way you use this is through what's known as 67 67 00:02:26,430 --> 00:02:28,710 the ESS, the Extended Server Set. 68 68 00:02:28,710 --> 00:02:30,090 They all work together. 69 69 00:02:30,090 --> 00:02:31,850 This gives you multiple access points 70 70 00:02:31,850 --> 00:02:34,480 to give you good coverage across an entire building. 71 71 00:02:34,480 --> 00:02:36,150 If you go to a large building for work, 72 72 00:02:36,150 --> 00:02:39,430 or you go to a college campus, they use this all the time. 73 73 00:02:39,430 --> 00:02:41,950 The reason why is, that a single access point 74 74 00:02:41,950 --> 00:02:44,830 can only cover maybe 100 or 150 meters, 75 75 00:02:44,830 --> 00:02:46,970 but by using multiple access points, 76 76 00:02:46,970 --> 00:02:49,510 I can cover an entire college campus. 77 77 00:02:49,510 --> 00:02:51,210 As long as they're all working together, 78 78 00:02:51,210 --> 00:02:54,040 the end user just sees the one network as they roam around 79 79 00:02:54,040 --> 00:02:56,610 the campus and move from building to building. 80 80 00:02:56,610 --> 00:02:58,190 The next concept we need to talk about 81 81 00:02:58,190 --> 00:03:00,480 is what's known as a Mesh Topology. 82 82 00:03:00,480 --> 00:03:03,300 We covered this all the way back in our topology lessons, 83 83 00:03:03,300 --> 00:03:05,040 back in the beginning of the course. 84 84 00:03:05,040 --> 00:03:06,860 Now with a Mesh Topology, 85 85 00:03:06,860 --> 00:03:09,470 they may not use a centralized control mechanism, 86 86 00:03:09,470 --> 00:03:12,560 but instead it's going to combine a number of different ways 87 87 00:03:12,560 --> 00:03:15,200 of doing wireless networks, into one manner. 88 88 00:03:15,200 --> 00:03:18,560 So, you might use microwave, or cellular, or wifi 89 89 00:03:18,560 --> 00:03:20,490 or any other type of wireless technology 90 90 00:03:20,490 --> 00:03:22,900 and make one coherent network with it. 91 91 00:03:22,900 --> 00:03:24,050 It works kind of like an ESS, 92 92 00:03:24,050 --> 00:03:26,880 the Extended Server Set does for wifi, 93 93 00:03:26,880 --> 00:03:29,270 but the difference here is we're not just using wifi, 94 94 00:03:29,270 --> 00:03:31,880 we're combining other wireless mechanisms too. 95 95 00:03:31,880 --> 00:03:32,820 So for example, 96 96 00:03:32,820 --> 00:03:35,040 I have my laptop connecting wirelessly 97 97 00:03:35,040 --> 00:03:36,890 to a wireless access point, 98 98 00:03:36,890 --> 00:03:39,050 then that wireless access point connects 99 99 00:03:39,050 --> 00:03:41,740 to a satellite connection, which is wireless 100 100 00:03:41,740 --> 00:03:43,020 up to a satellite. 101 101 00:03:43,020 --> 00:03:45,050 That satellite may then go up to the satellite 102 102 00:03:45,050 --> 00:03:46,430 and down to a ground station, 103 103 00:03:46,430 --> 00:03:48,250 and that ties back into a switch, 104 104 00:03:48,250 --> 00:03:49,870 and then to another machine. 105 105 00:03:49,870 --> 00:03:51,730 Now, if I look at the bottom of this diagram, 106 106 00:03:51,730 --> 00:03:53,590 you can see where the internet is coming from. 107 107 00:03:53,590 --> 00:03:55,540 It's connecting a wired internet 108 108 00:03:55,540 --> 00:03:58,380 through a router, to a wireless access point. 109 109 00:03:58,380 --> 00:04:00,860 Now there it's going into a TV and a laptop 110 110 00:04:00,860 --> 00:04:02,110 and things like that. 111 111 00:04:02,110 --> 00:04:05,320 Now, all of this can make up one big Mesh Topology, 112 112 00:04:05,320 --> 00:04:08,210 as we connect through different devices using wifi, 113 113 00:04:08,210 --> 00:04:09,650 and microwave and cellular 114 114 00:04:09,650 --> 00:04:11,570 and other wireless technologies. 115 115 00:04:11,570 --> 00:04:13,310 Now, if we want to take this a step further, 116 116 00:04:13,310 --> 00:04:15,040 take a look at this diagram. 117 117 00:04:15,040 --> 00:04:16,930 I showed you this in a smaller version back 118 118 00:04:16,930 --> 00:04:18,780 in the Mesh Topology lesson as well, 119 119 00:04:18,780 --> 00:04:21,900 but you can see here how we have 802.11 wifi zones, 120 120 00:04:21,900 --> 00:04:23,710 and we have high-frequency antennas, 121 121 00:04:23,710 --> 00:04:26,750 and high-gain antennas that cover vast distances. 122 122 00:04:26,750 --> 00:04:28,560 We have satellite, we have microwave, 123 123 00:04:28,560 --> 00:04:30,560 we might even have WiMAX in here. 124 124 00:04:30,560 --> 00:04:33,350 All of this can work together to give us this perfect mesh 125 125 00:04:33,350 --> 00:04:36,580 that covers a large range of areas, as we go through. 126 126 00:04:36,580 --> 00:04:37,590 Now, as I mentioned before, 127 127 00:04:37,590 --> 00:04:40,280 when we talk about Mesh Topologies, this is very popular 128 128 00:04:40,280 --> 00:04:43,030 to use, in a disaster recovery situation. 129 129 00:04:43,030 --> 00:04:45,270 If you lose landlines and they've gone down, 130 130 00:04:45,270 --> 00:04:47,480 we need to start building up frequencies for us to be able 131 131 00:04:47,480 --> 00:04:50,910 to use in a quick manner, and be responsive to a situation. 132 132 00:04:50,910 --> 00:04:53,950 So, if there's an earthquake or a hurricane or a tornado, 133 133 00:04:53,950 --> 00:04:56,130 the responders might come in and bring a satellite, 134 134 00:04:56,130 --> 00:04:58,610 and a microwave link, and wifi access points, 135 135 00:04:58,610 --> 00:04:59,880 so they can set up a network 136 136 00:04:59,880 --> 00:05:01,840 and communicate that information back out 137 137 00:05:01,840 --> 00:05:04,800 to the unaffected areas and get more assistance. 138 138 00:05:04,800 --> 00:05:07,440 Next, let's talk about access point placement 139 139 00:05:07,440 --> 00:05:09,240 because careful planning and placement 140 140 00:05:09,240 --> 00:05:11,330 of your access points is really important 141 141 00:05:11,330 --> 00:05:12,920 to make sure you don't have interference 142 142 00:05:12,920 --> 00:05:15,230 and you can prevent network outage issues. 143 143 00:05:15,230 --> 00:05:16,760 This will become very clear to you during 144 144 00:05:16,760 --> 00:05:19,180 the troubleshooting section of this course, as well. 145 145 00:05:19,180 --> 00:05:21,840 Your coverage area needs to have an overlap between 146 146 00:05:21,840 --> 00:05:23,220 your different access points, 147 147 00:05:23,220 --> 00:05:25,200 to make sure you don't have holes in your coverage 148 148 00:05:25,200 --> 00:05:27,430 and to make sure everything is working properly. 149 149 00:05:27,430 --> 00:05:28,980 So here on the diagram, for instance, 150 150 00:05:28,980 --> 00:05:30,750 let's say that we have this office building 151 151 00:05:30,750 --> 00:05:33,070 and we want to cover all of it with wifi. 152 152 00:05:33,070 --> 00:05:35,190 Now, the way wireless radios work is that wherever 153 153 00:05:35,190 --> 00:05:37,150 you put it, it's going to start in the center 154 154 00:05:37,150 --> 00:05:38,940 and then access everything out, 155 155 00:05:38,940 --> 00:05:41,040 in a circular pattern around it. 156 156 00:05:41,040 --> 00:05:43,840 In this building, we have four different access points 157 157 00:05:43,840 --> 00:05:45,550 that we're going to cover the entire building, 158 158 00:05:45,550 --> 00:05:46,730 and I don't want to have any drops 159 159 00:05:46,730 --> 00:05:48,490 as I walk from one room to another, 160 160 00:05:48,490 --> 00:05:50,480 so, I need to have an overlap. 161 161 00:05:50,480 --> 00:05:52,690 We want to have an overlap between the coverage zones, 162 162 00:05:52,690 --> 00:05:55,100 but not an overlap in our frequencies. 163 163 00:05:55,100 --> 00:05:57,240 If you know anything about radio frequencies, 164 164 00:05:57,240 --> 00:05:59,270 you'll know that if we have two people transmitting 165 165 00:05:59,270 --> 00:06:02,740 on the same frequency at the same time, that causes jamming 166 166 00:06:02,740 --> 00:06:04,900 and collisions, and will drop the signal. 167 167 00:06:04,900 --> 00:06:07,670 So if I'm using the 2.4 gigahertz spectrum, 168 168 00:06:07,670 --> 00:06:10,530 which is used by wireless B, G and N, 169 169 00:06:10,530 --> 00:06:12,820 we want to make sure we have an overlapping coverage 170 170 00:06:12,820 --> 00:06:14,750 of 10 to 15 percent. 171 171 00:06:14,750 --> 00:06:16,590 Now, as I blow up this diagram here, 172 172 00:06:16,590 --> 00:06:19,040 you can see I have four wireless access points, 173 173 00:06:19,040 --> 00:06:22,520 and they're all operating on channels, 1, 6 and 11. 174 174 00:06:22,520 --> 00:06:24,510 That is going to make sure that no two circles 175 175 00:06:24,510 --> 00:06:27,030 are touching, using the same channel frequency 176 176 00:06:27,030 --> 00:06:30,000 because channel 1 uses a different frequency than channel 6, 177 177 00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:33,330 and channel 6 uses a different frequency than channel 11. 178 178 00:06:33,330 --> 00:06:35,590 Now, you'll see that channel 6 is on the left 179 179 00:06:35,590 --> 00:06:38,040 and it's touching channel 1 and channel 11. 180 180 00:06:38,040 --> 00:06:39,190 Channel 6 on the right, 181 181 00:06:39,190 --> 00:06:41,430 is touching channel 1 and channel 11. 182 182 00:06:41,430 --> 00:06:45,120 So again, I can't have channel 6 and channel 6 overlapping 183 183 00:06:45,120 --> 00:06:47,250 because that would give me frequency issues 184 184 00:06:47,250 --> 00:06:49,710 and we would have collisions and drop coverage. 185 185 00:06:49,710 --> 00:06:52,380 Now, when we move into the newer spectrum of 5 gigahertz, 186 186 00:06:52,380 --> 00:06:55,260 which is used by wireless N and wireless AC, 187 187 00:06:55,260 --> 00:06:57,610 you're going to want to have overlapping coverage as well, 188 188 00:06:57,610 --> 00:06:59,500 but because the way that we do this, 189 189 00:06:59,500 --> 00:07:00,580 and there's some bleed over, 190 190 00:07:00,580 --> 00:07:01,413 we want to make sure there's 191 191 00:07:01,413 --> 00:07:04,500 no identical channels sitting next to each other, either. 192 192 00:07:04,500 --> 00:07:06,110 These channels actually need to be separated 193 193 00:07:06,110 --> 00:07:08,860 by at least two cells as you're designing your networks. 194 194 00:07:08,860 --> 00:07:10,460 So, as we designate these cells 195 195 00:07:10,460 --> 00:07:13,490 like a honeycomb pattern using the 5 gigahertz spectrum, 196 196 00:07:13,490 --> 00:07:15,290 we want to make sure that we're making sure 197 197 00:07:15,290 --> 00:07:17,960 there's at least two cells in between each of those 198 198 00:07:17,960 --> 00:07:19,310 that have the same channel. 199 199 00:07:19,310 --> 00:07:21,720 Now, this is different than the circles we used inside 200 200 00:07:21,720 --> 00:07:23,320 the 2.4 gigahertz. 201 201 00:07:23,320 --> 00:07:24,770 So if you look at my screen here, 202 202 00:07:24,770 --> 00:07:27,780 you can see I have channel 36 in the upper-left corner, 203 203 00:07:27,780 --> 00:07:30,400 and then you get there and you go through channel 52 204 204 00:07:30,400 --> 00:07:31,600 and channel 54, 205 205 00:07:31,600 --> 00:07:34,120 and then you finally come back to channel 36, again. 206 206 00:07:34,120 --> 00:07:36,690 Notice I had at least two spots in my honeycomb 207 207 00:07:36,690 --> 00:07:38,400 before I repeated a channel. 208 208 00:07:38,400 --> 00:07:40,930 We have this honeycomb pattern and we keep this separation 209 209 00:07:40,930 --> 00:07:43,190 because that's going to give us much better coverage 210 210 00:07:43,190 --> 00:07:45,580 with no drops and no interference. 211 211 00:07:45,580 --> 00:07:47,820 Now, when you go out and you do your site survey 212 212 00:07:47,820 --> 00:07:49,110 and you start looking at a building, 213 213 00:07:49,110 --> 00:07:51,210 and you start seeing where the access is, 214 214 00:07:51,210 --> 00:07:53,090 you want to figure out where you have good coverage 215 215 00:07:53,090 --> 00:07:54,720 and where you have bad coverage, 216 216 00:07:54,720 --> 00:07:56,820 and you can actually produce what's known as a heat map, 217 217 00:07:56,820 --> 00:07:58,740 and map out all those coverage zones, 218 218 00:07:58,740 --> 00:08:01,220 and overlay it on top of your floor plan. 219 219 00:08:01,220 --> 00:08:03,120 Now, in this example, we have a building 220 220 00:08:03,120 --> 00:08:05,000 and you've seen that I've done a wireless survey 221 221 00:08:05,000 --> 00:08:06,860 to determine my coverage areas. 222 222 00:08:06,860 --> 00:08:09,230 Where it's blue, that's where the access point is, 223 223 00:08:09,230 --> 00:08:11,640 and the blue is a really, really strong signal. 224 224 00:08:11,640 --> 00:08:12,920 Green is a good signal. 225 225 00:08:12,920 --> 00:08:14,310 Yellow is getting a little weaker 226 226 00:08:14,310 --> 00:08:17,290 and red means I'm really weak, or out of signal. 227 227 00:08:17,290 --> 00:08:18,890 Now there's a couple of offices in there 228 228 00:08:18,890 --> 00:08:19,994 and in the middle of the diagram, 229 229 00:08:19,994 --> 00:08:22,110 there's a red coverage area. 230 230 00:08:22,110 --> 00:08:23,640 If I wanted to improve that, 231 231 00:08:23,640 --> 00:08:26,520 I would move another access point into that region, 232 232 00:08:26,520 --> 00:08:28,980 but overall, this has pretty good coverage, 233 233 00:08:28,980 --> 00:08:31,540 except for that stairwell in the center of the screen. 234 234 00:08:31,540 --> 00:08:33,460 Now you'll notice outside the building, 235 235 00:08:33,460 --> 00:08:34,990 we do have red as well. 236 236 00:08:34,990 --> 00:08:37,050 Now that's actually a good thing from security 237 237 00:08:37,050 --> 00:08:38,600 because I don't want a lot of signal bleed 238 238 00:08:38,600 --> 00:08:40,560 going outside of my building. 239 239 00:08:40,560 --> 00:08:42,860 Now, what is considered a bad thing here? 240 240 00:08:42,860 --> 00:08:45,140 Well, if you look in the bottom-center of the diagram, 241 241 00:08:45,140 --> 00:08:48,300 we have green, yellow, and orange in the parking lot. 242 242 00:08:48,300 --> 00:08:50,260 That means if I drove into this parking lot, 243 243 00:08:50,260 --> 00:08:52,540 I could connect to your building's wireless network. 244 244 00:08:52,540 --> 00:08:54,360 Now that's not necessarily a good thing, 245 245 00:08:54,360 --> 00:08:56,230 and that's bad from a security standpoint 246 246 00:08:56,230 --> 00:08:59,210 and I'd have to think about that as I'm building out my map. 247 247 00:08:59,210 --> 00:09:01,190 and so maybe I want to take that access point 248 248 00:09:01,190 --> 00:09:02,650 and move it a little bit more towards 249 249 00:09:02,650 --> 00:09:05,380 the center of the building, and that will help alleviate 250 250 00:09:05,380 --> 00:09:08,530 and bring some more red spots on the outside of the building 251 251 00:09:08,530 --> 00:09:09,990 and alleviate those red spots 252 252 00:09:09,990 --> 00:09:11,890 that were in the inside of the building. 253 253 00:09:11,890 --> 00:09:14,490 We'll talk more about that as we go into wireless security, 254 254 00:09:14,490 --> 00:09:15,700 later on in the course, 255 255 00:09:15,700 --> 00:09:17,340 but for the time being, I want you to remember 256 256 00:09:17,340 --> 00:09:20,070 that if you do a site survey, you may produce a heat map 257 257 00:09:20,070 --> 00:09:22,230 that shows where your hotspots are, 258 258 00:09:22,230 --> 00:09:24,920 where you have good coverage inside of a building 259 259 00:09:24,920 --> 00:09:25,823 and where you have weak coverage, 260 260 00:09:25,823 --> 00:09:28,270 and you can move your access points around 261 261 00:09:28,270 --> 00:09:30,300 to give you a better coverage map. 262 262 00:09:30,300 --> 00:09:31,630 Now, what is another great way 263 263 00:09:31,630 --> 00:09:34,190 to get additional coverage, besides implementing something 264 264 00:09:34,190 --> 00:09:37,260 like ESS with the Extended Server Set model. 265 265 00:09:37,260 --> 00:09:39,840 Well, if you don't want to put up a full access point, 266 266 00:09:39,840 --> 00:09:42,290 you can get what's called a Range Extender. 267 267 00:09:42,290 --> 00:09:43,760 Now, what a range extender is, 268 268 00:09:43,760 --> 00:09:46,350 is a specialized device that helps you overcome some 269 269 00:09:46,350 --> 00:09:47,950 of your distance limitations. 270 270 00:09:47,950 --> 00:09:50,540 Essentially it has a receiver and a transmitter, 271 271 00:09:50,540 --> 00:09:52,470 and it's going to receive in the wireless signal 272 272 00:09:52,470 --> 00:09:53,303 that's already there 273 273 00:09:53,303 --> 00:09:55,330 and then transmit it out the other side, 274 274 00:09:55,330 --> 00:09:57,620 as it does this, it's going to amplify your signal 275 275 00:09:57,620 --> 00:10:00,060 and extend the reach of that wireless signal. 276 276 00:10:00,060 --> 00:10:01,600 These are very small devices 277 277 00:10:01,600 --> 00:10:03,570 and all you need to do is plug them into the wall 278 278 00:10:03,570 --> 00:10:04,710 for them to work. 279 279 00:10:04,710 --> 00:10:05,543 For instance, here, 280 280 00:10:05,543 --> 00:10:07,560 you see the net gear displayed on the screen 281 281 00:10:07,560 --> 00:10:09,300 and it has two antennas. 282 282 00:10:09,300 --> 00:10:10,610 One of those is for listening 283 283 00:10:10,610 --> 00:10:13,170 and one of those is for sending out the information. 284 284 00:10:13,170 --> 00:10:14,330 If you have a large house 285 285 00:10:14,330 --> 00:10:16,140 and your router is down in your basement, 286 286 00:10:16,140 --> 00:10:17,930 you can actually use a wireless access point 287 287 00:10:17,930 --> 00:10:19,010 down in the basement, 288 288 00:10:19,010 --> 00:10:20,920 and then you might put one of these range extenders 289 289 00:10:20,920 --> 00:10:24,620 in the stairs, to get that signal up into the second floor. 290 290 00:10:24,620 --> 00:10:26,300 This can actually get your signal from the basement 291 291 00:10:26,300 --> 00:10:28,270 and rebroadcast it upstairs like I said, 292 292 00:10:28,270 --> 00:10:31,330 and essentially this becomes a wireless repeater. 293 293 00:10:31,330 --> 00:10:32,980 Just like we would use an active hub 294 294 00:10:32,980 --> 00:10:36,000 to repeat our signal on a cable and make it go further, 295 295 00:10:36,000 --> 00:10:37,870 we can use a wireless range extender 296 296 00:10:37,870 --> 00:10:39,410 to repeat our wireless signal 297 297 00:10:39,410 --> 00:10:41,060 and give us additional range too.