1 1 00:00:00,650 --> 00:00:01,760 In the last lesson, 2 2 00:00:01,760 --> 00:00:04,650 we talked specifically about the way that we share data, 3 3 00:00:04,650 --> 00:00:06,400 whether we're going to use a client server model 4 4 00:00:06,400 --> 00:00:07,900 or a peer to peer model, 5 5 00:00:07,900 --> 00:00:09,730 but we really didn't talk about the distance 6 6 00:00:09,730 --> 00:00:11,220 that we could share it across. 7 7 00:00:11,220 --> 00:00:13,730 And that's what we're going to focus on in this lesson. 8 8 00:00:13,730 --> 00:00:15,830 So when we talk about network geography, 9 9 00:00:15,830 --> 00:00:17,750 we're going to start with our smallest networks, 10 10 00:00:17,750 --> 00:00:20,490 and work our way out to our largest networks. 11 11 00:00:20,490 --> 00:00:21,840 The smallest one we're going to cover 12 12 00:00:21,840 --> 00:00:24,800 is known as a personal area network, or PAN. 13 13 00:00:24,800 --> 00:00:26,320 It's the smallest type of wired 14 14 00:00:26,320 --> 00:00:27,870 or wireless network we can use, 15 15 00:00:27,870 --> 00:00:30,590 and it usually covers about 10 feet or less. 16 16 00:00:30,590 --> 00:00:33,030 So about a couple of meters of distance. 17 17 00:00:33,030 --> 00:00:35,510 Now, some examples of personal area networks 18 18 00:00:35,510 --> 00:00:37,730 would be things like Bluetooth and USB. 19 19 00:00:37,730 --> 00:00:39,680 Bluetooth is a great example of one. 20 20 00:00:39,680 --> 00:00:42,300 It operates at about 10 feet or three meters. 21 21 00:00:42,300 --> 00:00:43,700 And if you have your phone in your pocket 22 22 00:00:43,700 --> 00:00:44,533 and you get in your car, 23 23 00:00:44,533 --> 00:00:47,020 and it starts transmitting music from your phone 24 24 00:00:47,020 --> 00:00:49,110 wirelessly to your radio in your car, 25 25 00:00:49,110 --> 00:00:51,270 that's only about three or four feet away, right? 26 26 00:00:51,270 --> 00:00:53,970 This is an example of a personal area network, 27 27 00:00:53,970 --> 00:00:55,040 because you have a connection 28 28 00:00:55,040 --> 00:00:58,530 between your car stereo or radio, with your cell phone. 29 29 00:00:58,530 --> 00:01:00,490 Now, what about your USB connections? 30 30 00:01:00,490 --> 00:01:03,160 Well, those can be personal area networks too. 31 31 00:01:03,160 --> 00:01:06,570 If I take a USB hard drive and I connect it to my laptop, 32 32 00:01:06,570 --> 00:01:08,440 that's actually a serial connection, 33 33 00:01:08,440 --> 00:01:10,050 and it's considered a network. 34 34 00:01:10,050 --> 00:01:12,430 It's actually going to be a personal area network. 35 35 00:01:12,430 --> 00:01:14,380 If you have an older standard, like FireWire 36 36 00:01:14,380 --> 00:01:17,480 for your video cameras or a webcam, then you plug it in, 37 37 00:01:17,480 --> 00:01:20,600 these would also be considered a personal area network. 38 38 00:01:20,600 --> 00:01:22,220 Now, the way I like to think about this 39 39 00:01:22,220 --> 00:01:25,450 is if I put my arms out to my side and I spin into a circle, 40 40 00:01:25,450 --> 00:01:26,570 anything I can touch, 41 41 00:01:26,570 --> 00:01:29,040 that's about my personal area network distance, 42 42 00:01:29,040 --> 00:01:31,650 something around there, or maybe a little bit more. 43 43 00:01:31,650 --> 00:01:33,940 Now, the next one we have is we get to a larger network 44 44 00:01:33,940 --> 00:01:35,330 is called a LAN. 45 45 00:01:35,330 --> 00:01:37,330 This is a local area network. 46 46 00:01:37,330 --> 00:01:38,930 If you worked in an office building, 47 47 00:01:38,930 --> 00:01:40,780 you probably had a LAN at work. 48 48 00:01:40,780 --> 00:01:43,040 It connects components in a limited distance, 49 49 00:01:43,040 --> 00:01:46,680 generally up to about 100 meters or 300 feet. 50 50 00:01:46,680 --> 00:01:48,750 Each segment can only go about 100 meters 51 51 00:01:48,750 --> 00:01:50,550 if you're using CAT 5 cabling. 52 52 00:01:50,550 --> 00:01:52,410 But if you're going to use fiber optic cabling, 53 53 00:01:52,410 --> 00:01:53,910 you can actually go further. 54 54 00:01:53,910 --> 00:01:55,420 We'll talk about distance limitations 55 55 00:01:55,420 --> 00:01:57,480 when we get to the ethernet fundamental section. 56 56 00:01:57,480 --> 00:01:59,590 But for right now, when you think about a LAN, 57 57 00:01:59,590 --> 00:02:01,670 think about it being a small office, 58 58 00:02:01,670 --> 00:02:03,960 or one floor of an office building. 59 59 00:02:03,960 --> 00:02:05,560 Now, your networks can be consisting 60 60 00:02:05,560 --> 00:02:07,490 of either wifi or ethernet, 61 61 00:02:07,490 --> 00:02:09,170 depending on how you want to set them up. 62 62 00:02:09,170 --> 00:02:10,350 If you're using ethernet, 63 63 00:02:10,350 --> 00:02:14,370 you're going to be using the IEEE 802.3 standard. 64 64 00:02:14,370 --> 00:02:15,730 Now, if you're using wifi, 65 65 00:02:15,730 --> 00:02:19,610 you're going to be using the IEEE 802.11 standard. 66 66 00:02:19,610 --> 00:02:21,300 We'll talk specifically about these standards 67 67 00:02:21,300 --> 00:02:22,340 in a future lesson, 68 68 00:02:22,340 --> 00:02:25,270 as we dig deeper into the protocols and standards. 69 69 00:02:25,270 --> 00:02:26,600 As you're going through the course, 70 70 00:02:26,600 --> 00:02:31,120 anytime I mention a standard like 802.11 or 802.3, 71 71 00:02:31,120 --> 00:02:33,610 you should write that down with a word next to it 72 72 00:02:33,610 --> 00:02:36,000 that reminds you what that standard is used for. 73 73 00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:41,000 So in my notes, I'd have 802.11, wifi, 802.3, ethernet, 74 74 00:02:41,160 --> 00:02:42,250 something like that. 75 75 00:02:42,250 --> 00:02:43,980 This will help you out a lot on the exam 76 76 00:02:43,980 --> 00:02:45,640 if you have that cheat sheet at the end, 77 77 00:02:45,640 --> 00:02:47,920 that you can study right before the exam. 78 78 00:02:47,920 --> 00:02:50,050 Now, what are some examples of a LAN? 79 79 00:02:50,050 --> 00:02:52,190 Well, the internal wired or wireless network 80 80 00:02:52,190 --> 00:02:53,830 in your office building or in your school, 81 81 00:02:53,830 --> 00:02:55,010 or in your classroom, 82 82 00:02:55,010 --> 00:02:57,630 these are all local area network connections. 83 83 00:02:57,630 --> 00:02:59,540 In fact, if you're sitting at home right now, 84 84 00:02:59,540 --> 00:03:00,810 watching this video, 85 85 00:03:00,810 --> 00:03:03,880 you're sitting on your local area network inside your house. 86 86 00:03:03,880 --> 00:03:06,820 Making a connection between your devices, your printers, 87 87 00:03:06,820 --> 00:03:08,820 your other laptops, your desktops 88 88 00:03:08,820 --> 00:03:11,730 that are all inside of your house is part of the LAN. 89 89 00:03:11,730 --> 00:03:13,620 Now, the next one we want to talk about 90 90 00:03:13,620 --> 00:03:16,980 is going to be called a campus area network or CAN. 91 91 00:03:16,980 --> 00:03:20,130 Now a campus area network is a building centric LAN, 92 92 00:03:20,130 --> 00:03:23,130 that's spread across numerous buildings in a certain area. 93 93 00:03:23,130 --> 00:03:25,190 So if you're at a college or a business park 94 94 00:03:25,190 --> 00:03:26,350 or an industrial park, 95 95 00:03:26,350 --> 00:03:28,350 and you have three or four different buildings, 96 96 00:03:28,350 --> 00:03:29,470 they may all be linked together 97 97 00:03:29,470 --> 00:03:31,960 in what's called a campus area network. 98 98 00:03:31,960 --> 00:03:33,550 This can cover several miles, 99 99 00:03:33,550 --> 00:03:35,590 and across many different buildings. 100 100 00:03:35,590 --> 00:03:38,410 For example, I teach at several different colleges, 101 101 00:03:38,410 --> 00:03:41,390 and each of those colleges has a campus area network 102 102 00:03:41,390 --> 00:03:43,530 that spans the entire university. 103 103 00:03:43,530 --> 00:03:45,470 And so no matter which building you're in, 104 104 00:03:45,470 --> 00:03:47,050 each building has its own LAN, 105 105 00:03:47,050 --> 00:03:48,820 local area network that you connect to. 106 106 00:03:48,820 --> 00:03:50,690 But then those LANs are connected together 107 107 00:03:50,690 --> 00:03:52,851 to form this campus area network. 108 108 00:03:52,851 --> 00:03:54,560 Now, examples of this, again, 109 109 00:03:54,560 --> 00:03:56,380 are going to be things like college campuses, 110 110 00:03:56,380 --> 00:03:58,630 business parks, and military bases. 111 111 00:03:58,630 --> 00:04:00,160 All of these form what is known 112 112 00:04:00,160 --> 00:04:02,760 as the campus area network or CAN. 113 113 00:04:02,760 --> 00:04:05,700 So up to this point, we covered our personal area network, 114 114 00:04:05,700 --> 00:04:07,340 the small space around us. 115 115 00:04:07,340 --> 00:04:08,600 We covered the LAN, 116 116 00:04:08,600 --> 00:04:10,860 usually the area of our house or our apartment. 117 117 00:04:10,860 --> 00:04:12,870 And then we covered our campus area network, 118 118 00:04:12,870 --> 00:04:14,730 where we connect a couple of buildings together 119 119 00:04:14,730 --> 00:04:16,360 that are within a couple of miles. 120 120 00:04:16,360 --> 00:04:18,200 The next one goes even further out, 121 121 00:04:18,200 --> 00:04:20,570 and we're going to talk about it, it's called a MAN. 122 122 00:04:20,570 --> 00:04:23,410 A MAN is a metropolitan area network. 123 123 00:04:23,410 --> 00:04:24,710 This is going to connect locations 124 124 00:04:24,710 --> 00:04:27,090 that are scattered across the entire city. 125 125 00:04:27,090 --> 00:04:29,270 This is larger than a campus area network, 126 126 00:04:29,270 --> 00:04:32,340 but it is smaller than a global wide area network. 127 127 00:04:32,340 --> 00:04:35,330 And so this can cover an area up to about 25 miles 128 128 00:04:35,330 --> 00:04:36,670 or maybe even a little bit bigger, 129 129 00:04:36,670 --> 00:04:38,470 depending on the size of your city. 130 130 00:04:38,470 --> 00:04:40,300 So let me go back to my example. 131 131 00:04:40,300 --> 00:04:42,850 One of the colleges I teach for is a community college. 132 132 00:04:42,850 --> 00:04:44,810 They actually have six different campuses 133 133 00:04:44,810 --> 00:04:46,770 spread out across our city. 134 134 00:04:46,770 --> 00:04:49,680 Each of those campuses has a campus area network, 135 135 00:04:49,680 --> 00:04:51,560 but each of those campus area networks 136 136 00:04:51,560 --> 00:04:52,920 are also connected together 137 137 00:04:52,920 --> 00:04:55,180 to form a metropolitan area network. 138 138 00:04:55,180 --> 00:04:58,761 So all of our campuses are in one large university network. 139 139 00:04:58,761 --> 00:05:00,090 Other examples of this 140 140 00:05:00,090 --> 00:05:01,640 might be if you look at your city's department, 141 141 00:05:01,640 --> 00:05:03,400 like the department of motor vehicles, 142 142 00:05:03,400 --> 00:05:04,650 or the police department. 143 143 00:05:04,650 --> 00:05:07,530 They may have lots of locations dotted across your cities. 144 144 00:05:07,530 --> 00:05:10,400 And they're all connected together to form one network. 145 145 00:05:10,400 --> 00:05:13,660 These are some great examples of what a MAN might look like. 146 146 00:05:13,660 --> 00:05:16,660 And this brings us to our last one, our biggest network, 147 147 00:05:16,660 --> 00:05:20,011 which is known as the wide area network, or WAN. 148 148 00:05:20,011 --> 00:05:21,280 Now a wide area network 149 149 00:05:21,280 --> 00:05:24,260 connects geographically disparate internal networks. 150 150 00:05:24,260 --> 00:05:26,030 So this can consist of lease lines 151 151 00:05:26,030 --> 00:05:27,700 or virtual private networks 152 152 00:05:27,700 --> 00:05:29,600 that are tunneled over the internet. 153 153 00:05:29,600 --> 00:05:31,430 Now, if you don't know what those two terms are, 154 154 00:05:31,430 --> 00:05:33,150 don't worry about that right now. 155 155 00:05:33,150 --> 00:05:35,530 We're going to go into both of them later on in the course 156 156 00:05:35,530 --> 00:05:37,040 in a lot of depth. 157 157 00:05:37,040 --> 00:05:39,220 So for right now, I want you to focus on the fact 158 158 00:05:39,220 --> 00:05:42,110 that a WAN covers a large geographic area. 159 159 00:05:42,110 --> 00:05:45,200 This may be across your state, across your country, 160 160 00:05:45,200 --> 00:05:47,240 or even across the world. 161 161 00:05:47,240 --> 00:05:50,440 For example, we actually look at the internet as a WAN. 162 162 00:05:50,440 --> 00:05:51,780 It is a wide area network. 163 163 00:05:51,780 --> 00:05:54,920 In fact, it is the largest wide area network available. 164 164 00:05:54,920 --> 00:05:57,510 So if I'm sitting in my office, and I'm recording this, 165 165 00:05:57,510 --> 00:05:59,060 and I'm going to upload it to a file server 166 166 00:05:59,060 --> 00:06:01,000 that you're going to access from your home, 167 167 00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:02,850 wherever you are in the world, well, 168 168 00:06:02,850 --> 00:06:06,120 that's going to happen over a wide area network connection. 169 169 00:06:06,120 --> 00:06:07,800 Now, another important thing to think about 170 170 00:06:07,800 --> 00:06:09,880 when we talk about a wide network connection, 171 171 00:06:09,880 --> 00:06:12,160 is the fact that they don't always have to be public 172 172 00:06:12,160 --> 00:06:13,660 like the internet is. 173 173 00:06:13,660 --> 00:06:15,550 In fact, let's take an example of a company 174 174 00:06:15,550 --> 00:06:18,770 that has an office in New York, and an office in California. 175 175 00:06:18,770 --> 00:06:20,160 Now each of those two locations 176 176 00:06:20,160 --> 00:06:22,150 has their own local area networks, 177 177 00:06:22,150 --> 00:06:23,570 but if we wanted to connect them together 178 178 00:06:23,570 --> 00:06:25,290 over a private intranet, 179 179 00:06:25,290 --> 00:06:28,610 we could do that using a wide area network connection, 180 180 00:06:28,610 --> 00:06:30,710 because we're taking this very large network, 181 181 00:06:30,710 --> 00:06:33,960 going across the entire country, and connecting it together. 182 182 00:06:33,960 --> 00:06:36,080 So we have these two local area networks, 183 183 00:06:36,080 --> 00:06:38,620 but they're still tied over this larger WAN link. 184 184 00:06:38,620 --> 00:06:40,110 A good example of this 185 185 00:06:40,110 --> 00:06:41,780 is the Government of the United States. 186 186 00:06:41,780 --> 00:06:43,900 They have offices all over the country, 187 187 00:06:43,900 --> 00:06:48,070 in fact, all 50 states, spanning 3 or 4,000 miles, right? 188 188 00:06:48,070 --> 00:06:49,260 All of those can be connected 189 189 00:06:49,260 --> 00:06:51,810 through a private wide area network connection, 190 190 00:06:51,810 --> 00:06:54,240 so that they have a wide area network 191 191 00:06:54,240 --> 00:06:56,900 that is made up of all of these smaller networks. 192 192 00:06:56,900 --> 00:06:59,090 So when we look at network geography, 193 193 00:06:59,090 --> 00:07:01,660 I want you to remember the distance involved. 194 194 00:07:01,660 --> 00:07:02,960 So as we start thinking about this, 195 195 00:07:02,960 --> 00:07:04,350 let's look at this diagram. 196 196 00:07:04,350 --> 00:07:07,220 We have our smallest network, the personal area network, 197 197 00:07:07,220 --> 00:07:09,820 and then we move out, and we get to our local area network. 198 198 00:07:09,820 --> 00:07:10,870 And then we go even further. 199 199 00:07:10,870 --> 00:07:12,330 And we start getting a couple of buildings 200 200 00:07:12,330 --> 00:07:13,920 with our campus area network. 201 201 00:07:13,920 --> 00:07:16,060 And then we connect a couple of those buildings together 202 202 00:07:16,060 --> 00:07:16,910 across the city, 203 203 00:07:16,910 --> 00:07:19,300 and that becomes a metropolitan area network. 204 204 00:07:19,300 --> 00:07:22,540 And then finally, we go across the state, the country, 205 205 00:07:22,540 --> 00:07:25,160 or even the world with our wide area network. 206 206 00:07:25,160 --> 00:07:26,480 So when it comes down to it, 207 207 00:07:26,480 --> 00:07:28,530 if you can remember this one slide, 208 208 00:07:28,530 --> 00:07:30,510 and these distances that we're talking about, 209 209 00:07:30,510 --> 00:07:33,340 smallest to largest and what these networks stack up, 210 210 00:07:33,340 --> 00:07:35,290 you're going to be able to answer any question you get 211 211 00:07:35,290 --> 00:07:40,290 as far as PANs LANs, CANs, MANs and WANs on the exam, 212 212 00:07:40,470 --> 00:07:42,120 because you'll know how far they can go, 213 213 00:07:42,120 --> 00:07:44,783 and what type of networks that they're using to do it.