1 1 00:00:00,420 --> 00:00:02,470 Ports and protocols. 2 2 00:00:02,470 --> 00:00:05,380 Now I'm going to apologize in advance for two reasons. 3 3 00:00:05,380 --> 00:00:08,180 First, this is a really long lecture. 4 4 00:00:08,180 --> 00:00:10,400 And second, you're probably going to need to go through it 5 5 00:00:10,400 --> 00:00:13,480 two or three times because the information in this lesson 6 6 00:00:13,480 --> 00:00:15,755 is going to be so important to you 7 7 00:00:15,755 --> 00:00:18,090 because it makes up a good percentage of your test. 8 8 00:00:18,090 --> 00:00:21,660 In fact, I'd probably say five to 10% of your test questions 9 9 00:00:21,660 --> 00:00:23,840 could come from this lesson alone. 10 10 00:00:23,840 --> 00:00:25,450 And that's why it's really important for you 11 11 00:00:25,450 --> 00:00:27,030 to learn it thoroughly. 12 12 00:00:27,030 --> 00:00:29,210 If there is any of these lessons or videos 13 13 00:00:29,210 --> 00:00:30,840 that you're going to to start memorizing 14 14 00:00:30,840 --> 00:00:33,210 this is going to be the one for you. 15 15 00:00:33,210 --> 00:00:34,930 Now I'm going to go through each of the different 16 16 00:00:34,930 --> 00:00:37,400 ports and protocols that you need to be aware of. 17 17 00:00:37,400 --> 00:00:38,800 And for each one of those, 18 18 00:00:38,800 --> 00:00:40,840 I'm going to give you a specified port number 19 19 00:00:40,840 --> 00:00:42,930 that's used for that port and protocol. 20 20 00:00:42,930 --> 00:00:46,290 Now for the exam, you may get an easy question like 21 21 00:00:46,290 --> 00:00:48,440 what port is used for HTTP, 22 22 00:00:48,440 --> 00:00:50,180 and you need to select the right port number, 23 23 00:00:50,180 --> 00:00:52,880 in this case 80 from the list of choices. 24 24 00:00:52,880 --> 00:00:54,920 But there are many other questions 25 25 00:00:54,920 --> 00:00:57,910 that are going to rely upon the information from this video 26 26 00:00:57,910 --> 00:01:00,320 that aren't going to be as nearly as cleanly 27 27 00:01:00,320 --> 00:01:02,740 or easily or directly as that. 28 28 00:01:02,740 --> 00:01:04,950 I have seen a lot of questions on the exam 29 29 00:01:04,950 --> 00:01:07,480 that actually ask things that rely on your knowledge 30 30 00:01:07,480 --> 00:01:08,680 from this lesson. 31 31 00:01:08,680 --> 00:01:11,300 And they're not going to be direct port numbers like that. 32 32 00:01:11,300 --> 00:01:14,270 For example, the exam might ask you a question like 33 33 00:01:14,270 --> 00:01:16,620 one of your users is complaining that they can't connect 34 34 00:01:16,620 --> 00:01:20,120 to the share drive inside your Windows-based office network. 35 35 00:01:20,120 --> 00:01:22,250 You believe that their host based firewall 36 36 00:01:22,250 --> 00:01:24,120 might be blocking this service. 37 37 00:01:24,120 --> 00:01:27,510 What port should you verify as open inside the firewall? 38 38 00:01:27,510 --> 00:01:28,790 Now, to answer this question, 39 39 00:01:28,790 --> 00:01:30,700 you need to figure out a few things. 40 40 00:01:30,700 --> 00:01:34,060 First, what service is being used to allow file transfer 41 41 00:01:34,060 --> 00:01:37,380 and file sharing inside of a Windows based network? 42 42 00:01:37,380 --> 00:01:41,560 The answer to that is SMB the Server Message Block Protocol. 43 43 00:01:41,560 --> 00:01:43,150 Now, once you figured that out, 44 44 00:01:43,150 --> 00:01:45,240 you then have to answer the question of what port 45 45 00:01:45,240 --> 00:01:47,010 is used by SMB. 46 46 00:01:47,010 --> 00:01:49,950 And in this case, it's port 445. 47 47 00:01:49,950 --> 00:01:52,620 So as we get started going through this lesson, 48 48 00:01:52,620 --> 00:01:54,270 I'm going to tell you the protocol, 49 49 00:01:54,270 --> 00:01:57,000 the port number and what it's going to be used for. 50 50 00:01:57,000 --> 00:01:59,490 These are the three key pieces of information 51 51 00:01:59,490 --> 00:02:01,960 that you need to memorize in order to be successful 52 52 00:02:01,960 --> 00:02:03,500 on the network plus exam. 53 53 00:02:03,500 --> 00:02:06,660 And honestly, for any other future CompTIA exams 54 54 00:02:06,660 --> 00:02:10,070 you might take like the Security+, CySA+, 55 55 00:02:10,070 --> 00:02:12,430 PenTest+ or CASP+. 56 56 00:02:12,430 --> 00:02:14,300 All right, so let's get started covering 57 57 00:02:14,300 --> 00:02:17,730 all 28 protocols and ports that you have to know. 58 58 00:02:17,730 --> 00:02:21,560 First, we have the File Transfer Protocol or FTP. 59 59 00:02:21,560 --> 00:02:25,100 FTP is going to operate on ports 20 and 21. 60 60 00:02:25,100 --> 00:02:28,420 FTP is used to transfer files between a client and a server 61 61 00:02:28,420 --> 00:02:29,990 on a computer network. 62 62 00:02:29,990 --> 00:02:32,080 This is an unsecured method though, 63 63 00:02:32,080 --> 00:02:34,480 and the data's going to be transmitted in the clear, 64 64 00:02:34,480 --> 00:02:36,550 which means there is no encryption. 65 65 00:02:36,550 --> 00:02:40,000 So it's really not safe for us anymore to use FTP, 66 66 00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:42,300 especially for doing so over the internet 67 67 00:02:42,300 --> 00:02:44,950 if we want to be transferring any sensitive files. 68 68 00:02:44,950 --> 00:02:47,810 Remember with FTP, there is no encryption. 69 69 00:02:47,810 --> 00:02:50,150 So the files can be read by anyone on the network 70 70 00:02:50,150 --> 00:02:52,410 who may be eavesdropping into your conversation 71 71 00:02:52,410 --> 00:02:55,400 as you send it over port 20 and 21. 72 72 00:02:55,400 --> 00:02:58,640 In summary File Transfer Protocol or FTP 73 73 00:02:58,640 --> 00:03:00,820 runs over ports 20 and 21 74 74 00:03:00,820 --> 00:03:03,700 and it provides insecure file transfers. 75 75 00:03:03,700 --> 00:03:07,000 The next one we have is Secure Shell or SSH. 76 76 00:03:07,000 --> 00:03:09,490 This is going to operate on port 22. 77 77 00:03:09,490 --> 00:03:11,680 So what does SSH do? 78 78 00:03:11,680 --> 00:03:13,800 Well, it allows you to remotely take control 79 79 00:03:13,800 --> 00:03:16,780 of another computer using a command shell. 80 80 00:03:16,780 --> 00:03:20,020 It's best known for its use as remote logging capability 81 81 00:03:20,020 --> 00:03:22,780 and it is a cryptographic network protocol. 82 82 00:03:22,780 --> 00:03:24,690 This means that it uses encryption 83 83 00:03:24,690 --> 00:03:27,110 and it's safe to use even over an unsecured network 84 84 00:03:27,110 --> 00:03:29,960 like the internet and it's safe from prying eyes. 85 85 00:03:29,960 --> 00:03:30,860 For example, 86 86 00:03:30,860 --> 00:03:33,550 if I wanted to change the configuration of my web server, 87 87 00:03:33,550 --> 00:03:35,670 I can actually log in through SSH 88 88 00:03:35,670 --> 00:03:38,700 from my house in Puerto Rico, all the way to my file server, 89 89 00:03:38,700 --> 00:03:41,280 sitting in California, all the way over the internet 90 90 00:03:41,280 --> 00:03:42,630 using SSH. 91 91 00:03:42,630 --> 00:03:45,420 And I can be certain that nobody's going to be able to see 92 92 00:03:45,420 --> 00:03:48,010 what I'm doing because it's secure with encryption 93 93 00:03:48,010 --> 00:03:51,690 on both ends of that connection if I'm using Secure Shell. 94 94 00:03:51,690 --> 00:03:55,970 So in summary, Secure Shell or SSH runs over port 22 95 95 00:03:55,970 --> 00:03:57,880 and it provides secure remote control 96 96 00:03:57,880 --> 00:04:01,160 of another machine using a text-based environment. 97 97 00:04:01,160 --> 00:04:02,380 The next one we have is 98 98 00:04:02,380 --> 00:04:05,860 Secure File Transfer Protocol or SFTP. 99 99 00:04:05,860 --> 00:04:08,040 And this is another way to do file transfer 100 100 00:04:08,040 --> 00:04:10,260 but this time we're going to do it securely 101 101 00:04:10,260 --> 00:04:11,440 by using encryption. 102 102 00:04:11,440 --> 00:04:14,710 SFTP operates on port 22, 103 103 00:04:14,710 --> 00:04:18,660 the exact same port that we use for SSH or Secure Shell, 104 104 00:04:18,660 --> 00:04:21,200 because in all honesty, all we're doing here 105 105 00:04:21,200 --> 00:04:24,640 is tunneling the FTP protocol through SSH 106 106 00:04:24,640 --> 00:04:27,760 to give us a secure method of doing that file transfer. 107 107 00:04:27,760 --> 00:04:31,680 In summary, the Secure File Transfer Protocol or SFTP 108 108 00:04:31,680 --> 00:04:33,510 is going to run over port 22 109 109 00:04:33,510 --> 00:04:36,190 and provide us with secure file transfer. 110 110 00:04:36,190 --> 00:04:37,710 Next, we have Telnet 111 111 00:04:37,710 --> 00:04:40,650 and it works a lot like the way that SSH does. 112 112 00:04:40,650 --> 00:04:44,100 In fact, Telnet came out many years before SSH. 113 113 00:04:44,100 --> 00:04:46,980 The problem with Telnet though, is that it's insecure. 114 114 00:04:46,980 --> 00:04:49,940 Telnet is used to provide bi-directional interactive 115 115 00:04:49,940 --> 00:04:51,610 text oriented communication 116 116 00:04:51,610 --> 00:04:53,830 using virtual terminal connections. 117 117 00:04:53,830 --> 00:04:56,790 Now that is a whole lot of words to simply say 118 118 00:04:56,790 --> 00:04:58,990 that Telnet provides us with remote access 119 119 00:04:58,990 --> 00:05:00,580 via the Command Prompt. 120 120 00:05:00,580 --> 00:05:03,040 The problem is that we're sending everything in the clear 121 121 00:05:03,040 --> 00:05:04,310 with no encryption, 122 122 00:05:04,310 --> 00:05:06,830 which means that we're going to be sending all this data 123 123 00:05:06,830 --> 00:05:08,440 and somebody can see what we're doing, 124 124 00:05:08,440 --> 00:05:11,170 including if we send our usernames and passwords. 125 125 00:05:11,170 --> 00:05:14,260 Just like FTP, Telnet is considered insecure 126 126 00:05:14,260 --> 00:05:17,080 and you should never use Telnet over an insecure network 127 127 00:05:17,080 --> 00:05:18,110 like the internet, 128 128 00:05:18,110 --> 00:05:20,660 because people can read your username, your password, 129 129 00:05:20,660 --> 00:05:22,750 and every other command that you type in. 130 130 00:05:22,750 --> 00:05:24,590 Really do not do this 131 131 00:05:24,590 --> 00:05:27,140 or you will become the victim of a data breach. 132 132 00:05:27,140 --> 00:05:30,630 So in summary, Telnet is going to run over port 23 133 133 00:05:30,630 --> 00:05:33,010 and it provides you with insecure remote control 134 134 00:05:33,010 --> 00:05:36,350 of another machine using a text-based environment. 135 135 00:05:36,350 --> 00:05:40,760 Next, we have the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol or SMTP. 136 136 00:05:40,760 --> 00:05:42,810 This operates on port 25. 137 137 00:05:42,810 --> 00:05:45,850 It is the internet standard for sending electronic messages 138 138 00:05:45,850 --> 00:05:46,900 or email. 139 139 00:05:46,900 --> 00:05:51,330 It was founded back with the RFC or Request For Comments 821 140 140 00:05:51,330 --> 00:05:53,930 all the way back in 1982. 141 141 00:05:53,930 --> 00:05:56,960 Then in 2008, the current version came out, 142 142 00:05:56,960 --> 00:06:00,090 which uses RFC5321. 143 143 00:06:00,090 --> 00:06:02,440 So do you need to know these RFCs? 144 144 00:06:02,440 --> 00:06:03,950 No, no, you don't. 145 145 00:06:03,950 --> 00:06:05,650 The only reason I'm including them here 146 146 00:06:05,650 --> 00:06:07,510 is to give you an idea of just how long 147 147 00:06:07,510 --> 00:06:10,530 we've been using SMTP to send our emails 148 148 00:06:10,530 --> 00:06:13,660 all the way back from 1982 to 2008, 149 149 00:06:13,660 --> 00:06:15,670 all the way now to the present. 150 150 00:06:15,670 --> 00:06:18,310 In summary, when you hear about SMTP, 151 151 00:06:18,310 --> 00:06:20,800 remember it runs over port 25 152 152 00:06:20,800 --> 00:06:24,120 and provides the ability to send emails over your network. 153 153 00:06:24,120 --> 00:06:27,350 Next, we have DNS or the Domain Name System, 154 154 00:06:27,350 --> 00:06:29,360 which uses port 53. 155 155 00:06:29,360 --> 00:06:32,350 Now DNS is what gives us a hierarchal decentralized 156 156 00:06:32,350 --> 00:06:35,060 naming system for our computers, our services, 157 157 00:06:35,060 --> 00:06:36,860 and other resources that are connected 158 158 00:06:36,860 --> 00:06:39,400 to the private networks and the internet. 159 159 00:06:39,400 --> 00:06:42,260 This is going to convert our domain names to IP addresses 160 160 00:06:42,260 --> 00:06:44,510 and our IP addresses to domain names. 161 161 00:06:44,510 --> 00:06:47,230 For example, if you go to diontraining.com, 162 162 00:06:47,230 --> 00:06:49,200 that's going to be a lot easier for you to remember 163 163 00:06:49,200 --> 00:06:54,200 than a long IP address, like 66.12.54.85. 164 164 00:06:54,460 --> 00:06:56,180 This is because we, as humans 165 165 00:06:56,180 --> 00:06:58,430 are better at thinking about names and words 166 166 00:06:58,430 --> 00:06:59,770 than we are with numbers. 167 167 00:06:59,770 --> 00:07:03,030 So it's easier for us to remember diontraining.com 168 168 00:07:03,030 --> 00:07:06,020 or comptia.org or something like that, right? 169 169 00:07:06,020 --> 00:07:07,760 So to make the computers and the internet 170 170 00:07:07,760 --> 00:07:09,200 easier for people to use, 171 171 00:07:09,200 --> 00:07:10,710 we're going to rely on domain names 172 172 00:07:10,710 --> 00:07:12,300 instead of their IP addresses. 173 173 00:07:12,300 --> 00:07:14,680 And DNS allows us to do that. 174 174 00:07:14,680 --> 00:07:17,260 Now, DNS is really important in networking. 175 175 00:07:17,260 --> 00:07:20,490 So we're going to do a separate lesson dedicated all to DNS 176 176 00:07:20,490 --> 00:07:23,210 so you can understand how it really works in the real world. 177 177 00:07:23,210 --> 00:07:24,753 For now, I just want you to remember 178 178 00:07:24,753 --> 00:07:27,370 that DNS runs over port 53 179 179 00:07:27,370 --> 00:07:29,620 and it converts domain names to IP addresses 180 180 00:07:29,620 --> 00:07:32,300 and IP addresses back to domain names. 181 181 00:07:32,300 --> 00:07:34,460 The next one we have is DHCP 182 182 00:07:34,460 --> 00:07:36,800 or the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. 183 183 00:07:36,800 --> 00:07:40,310 And this operates over port 67 and 68. 184 184 00:07:40,310 --> 00:07:42,150 Now DHCP servers are used 185 185 00:07:42,150 --> 00:07:44,120 to automatically assign IP addresses 186 186 00:07:44,120 --> 00:07:46,080 and other network configuration parameters 187 187 00:07:46,080 --> 00:07:48,920 to your network clients to help simplify the administration 188 188 00:07:48,920 --> 00:07:50,040 of our networks. 189 189 00:07:50,040 --> 00:07:52,280 This allows your computers to get IP addresses 190 190 00:07:52,280 --> 00:07:54,350 and network perimeters automatically, 191 191 00:07:54,350 --> 00:07:56,280 which is really, really awesome 192 192 00:07:56,280 --> 00:07:58,450 and makes your life as a network administrator 193 193 00:07:58,450 --> 00:08:02,130 much, much easier, especially in large networks. 194 194 00:08:02,130 --> 00:08:05,260 Again, DHCP is a really important concept. 195 195 00:08:05,260 --> 00:08:07,240 So we're going to spend an entire lesson 196 196 00:08:07,240 --> 00:08:09,620 talking all about the methods that it uses 197 197 00:08:09,620 --> 00:08:11,830 to go through the discover, the offer, 198 198 00:08:11,830 --> 00:08:13,960 the requests and the acknowledgement process 199 199 00:08:13,960 --> 00:08:16,780 to give you an address using DHCP. 200 200 00:08:16,780 --> 00:08:19,870 For now, though, I just want you to remember that DHCP 201 201 00:08:19,870 --> 00:08:22,560 runs over port 67 and 68, 202 202 00:08:22,560 --> 00:08:24,030 and it automatically is going to give you 203 203 00:08:24,030 --> 00:08:25,960 the network parameters to your clients, 204 204 00:08:25,960 --> 00:08:29,000 such as their assigned IP address, their subnet mask, 205 205 00:08:29,000 --> 00:08:31,270 the default gateway, and the DNS server 206 206 00:08:31,270 --> 00:08:32,920 that they should be using. 207 207 00:08:32,920 --> 00:08:37,250 Next, we have TFTP or Trivial File Transfer Protocol. 208 208 00:08:37,250 --> 00:08:40,140 This is going to operate over port 69. 209 209 00:08:40,140 --> 00:08:42,690 This is going to transmit files in both directions 210 210 00:08:42,690 --> 00:08:44,770 of a client server application. 211 211 00:08:44,770 --> 00:08:47,660 Now TFTP doesn't provide any authentication 212 212 00:08:47,660 --> 00:08:49,610 or directory visibility though. 213 213 00:08:49,610 --> 00:08:53,390 Basically TFTP is a stripped down version of FTP, 214 214 00:08:53,390 --> 00:08:56,520 which is why we call it a Trivial File Transfer Protocol. 215 215 00:08:56,520 --> 00:08:58,530 So where might we use this? 216 216 00:08:58,530 --> 00:09:00,820 Well, usually TFTP is going to be used 217 217 00:09:00,820 --> 00:09:02,090 by network administrators 218 218 00:09:02,090 --> 00:09:03,880 when they send configuration files 219 219 00:09:03,880 --> 00:09:07,580 or they request configuration files from a router or switch. 220 220 00:09:07,580 --> 00:09:10,390 Also, it can be used for booting up an operating system 221 221 00:09:10,390 --> 00:09:11,800 from a network file server 222 222 00:09:11,800 --> 00:09:14,440 when you're using a PXE environment. 223 223 00:09:14,440 --> 00:09:16,190 Now, in summary, I want you to remember 224 224 00:09:16,190 --> 00:09:20,778 that Trivial File Transfer or TFTP is going to run over port 69 225 225 00:09:20,778 --> 00:09:23,020 and it's used as a lightweight file transfer method 226 226 00:09:23,020 --> 00:09:24,660 for sending configuration files 227 227 00:09:24,660 --> 00:09:27,530 or network booting of an operating system. 228 228 00:09:27,530 --> 00:09:31,820 Next, we have the Hypertext Transfer Protocol or HTTP, 229 229 00:09:31,820 --> 00:09:33,860 which operates over port 80. 230 230 00:09:33,860 --> 00:09:36,250 This is the foundation of data communication 231 231 00:09:36,250 --> 00:09:38,150 for the worldwide web. 232 232 00:09:38,150 --> 00:09:40,700 HTTP is designed for collaborative 233 233 00:09:40,700 --> 00:09:42,530 and hypermedia presentations 234 234 00:09:42,530 --> 00:09:44,860 across many different types of devices. 235 235 00:09:44,860 --> 00:09:46,280 If you're watching this video, 236 236 00:09:46,280 --> 00:09:48,490 you've already used either HTTP 237 237 00:09:48,490 --> 00:09:50,420 or it's secure version HTTPS 238 238 00:09:51,270 --> 00:09:53,170 to access this website.. 239 239 00:09:53,170 --> 00:09:55,520 HTTP is the unsecure version, 240 240 00:09:55,520 --> 00:09:58,270 whereas HTTPS is going to use encryption 241 241 00:09:58,270 --> 00:10:01,440 and we'll talk later about that in this video. 242 242 00:10:01,440 --> 00:10:03,810 In summary, when you hear HTTP, 243 243 00:10:03,810 --> 00:10:06,510 I want you to remember that it operates over 80, 244 244 00:10:06,510 --> 00:10:09,140 and it's used for insecure web browsing. 245 245 00:10:09,140 --> 00:10:12,630 The next one we have is Post Office Protocol version three, 246 246 00:10:12,630 --> 00:10:14,340 or POP3. 247 247 00:10:14,340 --> 00:10:17,010 POP3 is going to use port 110, 248 248 00:10:17,010 --> 00:10:20,390 and it's used by local email clients to retrieve email 249 249 00:10:20,390 --> 00:10:23,770 from a remote server over a TCP IP connection. 250 250 00:10:23,770 --> 00:10:28,180 POP3 is only used for inbound or incoming email. 251 251 00:10:28,180 --> 00:10:31,810 POP3 also uses a store and forward method of communication. 252 252 00:10:31,810 --> 00:10:33,960 So if somebody sends you an email, 253 253 00:10:33,960 --> 00:10:36,640 it will go to your email server and it will wait there 254 254 00:10:36,640 --> 00:10:38,340 until you're ready to receive it. 255 255 00:10:38,340 --> 00:10:39,830 When you're ready to receive it, 256 256 00:10:39,830 --> 00:10:43,490 your email client will connect to your server over POP3 257 257 00:10:43,490 --> 00:10:47,000 using port 110 and download those emails. 258 258 00:10:47,000 --> 00:10:49,410 Then your email client will either tell the server 259 259 00:10:49,410 --> 00:10:51,450 to keep a copy of that on the server 260 260 00:10:51,450 --> 00:10:54,700 or it'll tell it to delete the email from the server. 261 261 00:10:54,700 --> 00:10:58,330 Either way POP3 is going to be able to handle this for you. 262 262 00:10:58,330 --> 00:11:01,240 POP3 is this older method of receiving emails, 263 263 00:11:01,240 --> 00:11:04,760 but it is still heavily used by many people today. 264 264 00:11:04,760 --> 00:11:06,600 In summary, I want you to remember 265 265 00:11:06,600 --> 00:11:09,750 that Post Office Protocol version three or POP3 266 266 00:11:09,750 --> 00:11:11,800 runs over port 110, 267 267 00:11:11,800 --> 00:11:14,670 and it's used for receiving incoming emails. 268 268 00:11:14,670 --> 00:11:19,050 Next, we have Network Time Protocol or NTP. 269 269 00:11:19,050 --> 00:11:22,200 NTP is going to operate on port 123. 270 270 00:11:22,200 --> 00:11:23,750 Now I really like this port number 271 271 00:11:23,750 --> 00:11:25,940 because it's pretty easy for me to remember. 272 272 00:11:25,940 --> 00:11:27,570 I tend to think of it like this, 273 273 00:11:27,570 --> 00:11:28,883 I'm counting up 123 274 274 00:11:30,360 --> 00:11:32,450 almost like I'm counting the seconds of time 275 275 00:11:32,450 --> 00:11:35,550 as it continues onward over and over again. 276 276 00:11:35,550 --> 00:11:37,570 That's how I remember NTP. 277 277 00:11:37,570 --> 00:11:39,170 Now the Network Time Protocol 278 278 00:11:39,170 --> 00:11:41,910 is going to provide your system with a clock synchronization 279 279 00:11:41,910 --> 00:11:43,570 between different computer systems 280 280 00:11:43,570 --> 00:11:46,950 over packet switched variable latency data networks. 281 281 00:11:46,950 --> 00:11:49,480 NTP is actually a really old protocol. 282 282 00:11:49,480 --> 00:11:52,130 It was created all the way back in 1985. 283 283 00:11:52,130 --> 00:11:54,030 And it's one of the older internet protocols 284 284 00:11:54,030 --> 00:11:56,280 that we still use commonly today. 285 285 00:11:56,280 --> 00:11:59,030 NTP is useful to be able to sync up our time and dates 286 286 00:11:59,030 --> 00:12:01,170 across all of our network devices. 287 287 00:12:01,170 --> 00:12:02,450 You may not realize it, 288 288 00:12:02,450 --> 00:12:05,320 but your computer is using NTP all the time 289 289 00:12:05,320 --> 00:12:07,920 to ensure that its internal clock is accurate. 290 290 00:12:07,920 --> 00:12:11,290 So remember NTP or Network Time Protocol 291 291 00:12:11,290 --> 00:12:13,770 is going to operate over port 123, 292 292 00:12:13,770 --> 00:12:16,050 and it's used to keep accurate time for our clients 293 293 00:12:16,050 --> 00:12:17,410 on our network. 294 294 00:12:17,410 --> 00:12:19,120 Next, we have NetBIOS 295 295 00:12:19,120 --> 00:12:21,820 or the Network Basic Input/Output System 296 296 00:12:21,820 --> 00:12:24,860 which operates over port 139. 297 297 00:12:24,860 --> 00:12:27,050 NetBIOS provides a service for allowing applications 298 298 00:12:27,050 --> 00:12:28,480 on a separate computer 299 299 00:12:28,480 --> 00:12:30,650 to communicate over a local area network 300 300 00:12:30,650 --> 00:12:32,490 to share files and printers. 301 301 00:12:32,490 --> 00:12:35,370 If you use file or printer sharing in a Windows network, 302 302 00:12:35,370 --> 00:12:38,040 your port 139 is probably open 303 303 00:12:38,040 --> 00:12:40,160 because you're using NetBIOS. 304 304 00:12:40,160 --> 00:12:43,597 In summary, NetBIOS operates over port 139 305 305 00:12:43,597 --> 00:12:45,790 and it's used for file or printer sharing 306 306 00:12:45,790 --> 00:12:47,440 in a Windows network. 307 307 00:12:47,440 --> 00:12:50,440 Next, we have the Internet Mail Application Protocol 308 308 00:12:50,440 --> 00:12:54,660 or IMAP and it's going to operate over port 143. 309 309 00:12:54,660 --> 00:12:57,050 Now IMAP provides email clients with the ability 310 310 00:12:57,050 --> 00:12:59,560 to retrieve email messages from a mail server 311 311 00:12:59,560 --> 00:13:02,220 over a TCP IP connection. 312 312 00:13:02,220 --> 00:13:04,820 IMAP is a newer type of email retrieval protocol, 313 313 00:13:04,820 --> 00:13:06,870 and it was designed to improve some things 314 314 00:13:06,870 --> 00:13:09,120 over the older POP3 methods. 315 315 00:13:09,120 --> 00:13:11,490 Basically, IMAP allows the end user 316 316 00:13:11,490 --> 00:13:13,420 to view and manipulate the messages 317 317 00:13:13,420 --> 00:13:15,470 as if they were stored locally on their machine 318 318 00:13:15,470 --> 00:13:17,770 even though they're still sitting on the server. 319 319 00:13:17,770 --> 00:13:19,760 This is important because with POP3 320 320 00:13:19,760 --> 00:13:22,350 when I logged in from my laptop or my tablet, 321 321 00:13:22,350 --> 00:13:25,170 I would show unread on one of those and read on the other 322 322 00:13:25,170 --> 00:13:27,070 because the email server didn't keep track 323 323 00:13:27,070 --> 00:13:30,460 of the state of each message as I read it or didn't read it. 324 324 00:13:30,460 --> 00:13:32,290 But with IMAP the server 325 325 00:13:32,290 --> 00:13:33,940 keeps all of these things synchronized 326 326 00:13:33,940 --> 00:13:35,670 across all of my devices. 327 327 00:13:35,670 --> 00:13:38,820 This makes IMAP much better for modern email communications, 328 328 00:13:38,820 --> 00:13:42,230 because most of us have a laptop, a desktop, a smartphone, 329 329 00:13:42,230 --> 00:13:44,280 and maybe even a tablet too. 330 330 00:13:44,280 --> 00:13:48,270 In summary, remember that IMAP operates over port 143, 331 331 00:13:48,270 --> 00:13:51,140 and it's a newer method of retrieving incoming emails, 332 332 00:13:51,140 --> 00:13:54,170 which improves upon our older POP3 method. 333 333 00:13:54,170 --> 00:13:56,820 Next, we have the Simple Network Management Protocol 334 334 00:13:56,820 --> 00:13:58,410 or SNMP. 335 335 00:13:58,410 --> 00:14:02,890 This is going to operate on ports 161 and 162. 336 336 00:14:02,890 --> 00:14:04,310 SNMP is going to provide you with the ability 337 337 00:14:04,310 --> 00:14:06,170 to collect and organize information 338 338 00:14:06,170 --> 00:14:09,170 about all the managed devices on an IP network. 339 339 00:14:09,170 --> 00:14:12,380 This includes things like routers, switches, VoIP phones 340 340 00:14:12,380 --> 00:14:14,220 and other devices. 341 341 00:14:14,220 --> 00:14:16,000 SNMP can modify the information 342 342 00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:17,900 by changing the devices behavior 343 343 00:14:17,900 --> 00:14:19,430 and it can provide you with the ability 344 344 00:14:19,430 --> 00:14:21,390 to monitor the uptime, downtime 345 345 00:14:21,390 --> 00:14:23,960 and other states of any given device. 346 346 00:14:23,960 --> 00:14:26,600 We're going to talk more about SNMP in another video, 347 347 00:14:26,600 --> 00:14:28,370 because again, it's really important 348 348 00:14:28,370 --> 00:14:30,620 in conducting proper network management. 349 349 00:14:30,620 --> 00:14:33,040 For now, I want you to remember that SNMP 350 350 00:14:33,040 --> 00:14:36,550 operates over ports 161 and 162, 351 351 00:14:36,550 --> 00:14:39,580 and SNMP is used to collect data about network devices 352 352 00:14:39,580 --> 00:14:41,480 and monitor their status. 353 353 00:14:41,480 --> 00:14:43,130 Next we have LDAP 354 354 00:14:43,130 --> 00:14:45,970 or the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. 355 355 00:14:45,970 --> 00:14:49,950 LDAP or LDAP is going to operate on port 389 356 356 00:14:49,950 --> 00:14:52,670 and it's an open vendor neutral industry standard 357 357 00:14:52,670 --> 00:14:54,110 for accessing and maintaining 358 358 00:14:54,110 --> 00:14:56,650 distributed directory information services. 359 359 00:14:56,650 --> 00:14:58,680 Now, I want you to think about LDAP 360 360 00:14:58,680 --> 00:15:00,610 like Active Directory in Windows 361 361 00:15:00,610 --> 00:15:03,780 but it's not just limited to the Windows networks. 362 362 00:15:03,780 --> 00:15:07,660 Instead, Active Directory is a proprietary version of LDAP 363 363 00:15:07,660 --> 00:15:10,410 and for this reason LDAP and Active Directory 364 364 00:15:10,410 --> 00:15:13,240 both use port 389 to communicate. 365 365 00:15:13,240 --> 00:15:15,870 So what exactly does LDAP do? 366 366 00:15:15,870 --> 00:15:17,720 Well, it's a directory service. 367 367 00:15:17,720 --> 00:15:19,860 So if you're in your email client 368 368 00:15:19,860 --> 00:15:21,600 like Microsoft Outlook at work, 369 369 00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:23,940 and you try to look up somebody's name in the address book, 370 370 00:15:23,940 --> 00:15:26,150 you're actually using LDAP to do that. 371 371 00:15:26,150 --> 00:15:28,400 In addition to this LDAP can store information 372 372 00:15:28,400 --> 00:15:30,470 about your users and their groups. 373 373 00:15:30,470 --> 00:15:33,740 In summary, LDAP is going to operate over port 389, 374 374 00:15:33,740 --> 00:15:36,930 and it's used to provide directory services to your network. 375 375 00:15:36,930 --> 00:15:39,120 Next, we have secure web browsing, 376 376 00:15:39,120 --> 00:15:42,723 which is Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure or HTTPS. 377 377 00:15:44,260 --> 00:15:47,730 HTTPS is going to operate over port 443. 378 378 00:15:47,730 --> 00:15:49,820 And essentially it's going to do everything 379 379 00:15:49,820 --> 00:15:51,820 that Hypertext Transfer Protocol, 380 380 00:15:51,820 --> 00:15:54,140 the unsecure version HTTP did, 381 381 00:15:54,140 --> 00:15:57,510 except it's also going to do this over an encrypted tunnel. 382 382 00:15:57,510 --> 00:16:01,070 This tunnel can either use a Secure Sockets Layer, SSL 383 383 00:16:01,070 --> 00:16:04,540 or Transport Layer Security TLS to operate. 384 384 00:16:04,540 --> 00:16:07,310 Now, TLS is the newer and more secure method 385 385 00:16:07,310 --> 00:16:10,400 whereas SSL is the older and less secure method. 386 386 00:16:10,400 --> 00:16:13,920 By using a TLS or SSL tunnel with HTTP 387 387 00:16:13,920 --> 00:16:16,070 you now have an end-to-end encrypted tunnel 388 388 00:16:16,070 --> 00:16:18,090 between your client and the web server. 389 389 00:16:18,090 --> 00:16:20,520 And this allows you to do things like e-commerce, 390 390 00:16:20,520 --> 00:16:23,160 logging into your bank or going into any other website, 391 391 00:16:23,160 --> 00:16:24,790 much more securely. 392 392 00:16:24,790 --> 00:16:28,747 In summary, HTTPS is going to operate over port 443, 393 393 00:16:28,747 --> 00:16:31,250 and it's used as a secure and encrypted version 394 394 00:16:31,250 --> 00:16:32,690 of web browsing. 395 395 00:16:32,690 --> 00:16:36,940 Next, we have SMB or the Server Message Block Protocol. 396 396 00:16:36,940 --> 00:16:39,940 This is going to operate over port 445. 397 397 00:16:39,940 --> 00:16:41,930 Now the Server Message Block Protocol 398 398 00:16:41,930 --> 00:16:44,190 is going to provide your system with shared access 399 399 00:16:44,190 --> 00:16:47,020 to files, printers, and other types of communication 400 400 00:16:47,020 --> 00:16:49,250 between different devices on your network. 401 401 00:16:49,250 --> 00:16:52,260 It operates a lot of times with NetBIOS as well. 402 402 00:16:52,260 --> 00:16:55,180 NetBIOS is going to be used to do the authentication 403 403 00:16:55,180 --> 00:16:58,200 over port 139, and then Server Message Block 404 404 00:16:58,200 --> 00:17:00,480 will handle the actual passing out of those files 405 405 00:17:00,480 --> 00:17:03,660 and printer services to you by handing over that data. 406 406 00:17:03,660 --> 00:17:07,350 In summary, SMB is going to operate over port 445 407 407 00:17:07,350 --> 00:17:10,230 and it's used for Windows file and printer sharing services 408 408 00:17:10,230 --> 00:17:12,000 on a Windows network. 409 409 00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:15,780 Next, we have Syslog or the System Logging Protocol. 410 410 00:17:15,780 --> 00:17:19,058 This is going to operate a report 514. 411 411 00:17:19,058 --> 00:17:21,960 Syslog is used to send system log or event messages 412 412 00:17:21,960 --> 00:17:24,090 to a specified server on your network 413 413 00:17:24,090 --> 00:17:26,610 known as a Syslog Server. 414 414 00:17:26,610 --> 00:17:28,710 Basically, we're going to use a Syslog Server 415 415 00:17:28,710 --> 00:17:30,740 to collect data from various device logs 416 416 00:17:30,740 --> 00:17:33,080 across our network and consolidate them all 417 417 00:17:33,080 --> 00:17:35,500 into a single machine for monitoring and review 418 418 00:17:35,500 --> 00:17:38,690 by our network administrators and cybersecurity analysts. 419 419 00:17:38,690 --> 00:17:41,807 In summary, remember that Syslog operates over port 514, 420 420 00:17:42,860 --> 00:17:44,380 and it's used to send logging data 421 421 00:17:44,380 --> 00:17:46,570 back to a centralized server. 422 422 00:17:46,570 --> 00:17:51,570 Next, we have SMTP TLS or the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 423 423 00:17:51,790 --> 00:17:53,610 Transport Layer Security. 424 424 00:17:53,610 --> 00:17:56,370 This is the encrypted version of SMTP 425 425 00:17:56,370 --> 00:17:59,610 and then operates over port 587. 426 426 00:17:59,610 --> 00:18:04,210 SMTP TLS is our secure version of our sending mail service. 427 427 00:18:04,210 --> 00:18:06,620 And it's going to make sure that we can send emails 428 428 00:18:06,620 --> 00:18:09,960 over the internet and we can do it by using encryption. 429 429 00:18:09,960 --> 00:18:12,880 It's exactly the same service as SMTP. 430 430 00:18:12,880 --> 00:18:13,940 The only difference is that 431 431 00:18:13,940 --> 00:18:16,200 we take that normal SMTP traffic, 432 432 00:18:16,200 --> 00:18:19,530 that operate over port 25 and we add an encryption. 433 433 00:18:19,530 --> 00:18:23,830 And so now we can send it over port 587. 434 434 00:18:23,830 --> 00:18:25,500 This will make sure that we have security 435 435 00:18:25,500 --> 00:18:28,320 with this end-to-end encrypted TLS tunnel. 436 436 00:18:28,320 --> 00:18:32,923 So remember, SMTP TLS is going to operate over port 587 437 437 00:18:33,880 --> 00:18:35,400 and it's a secure and encrypted way 438 438 00:18:35,400 --> 00:18:37,250 for us to send our emails. 439 439 00:18:37,250 --> 00:18:39,860 Next, we have the secure version of LDAP 440 440 00:18:39,860 --> 00:18:43,210 known as LDAPS which is LDAP Secure. 441 441 00:18:43,210 --> 00:18:44,350 Just like most things 442 442 00:18:44,350 --> 00:18:47,300 LDAP has both a secure and insecure version. 443 443 00:18:47,300 --> 00:18:50,880 When we're using LDAP over 389 that's insecure. 444 444 00:18:50,880 --> 00:18:52,710 But when we go ahead and do it securely, 445 445 00:18:52,710 --> 00:18:56,820 we're going to run that with encryption over port 636. 446 446 00:18:56,820 --> 00:18:59,580 Again, it's going to operate just like LDAP did 447 447 00:18:59,580 --> 00:19:02,160 just like Active Directory and all of those things. 448 448 00:19:02,160 --> 00:19:03,500 The only big difference here 449 449 00:19:03,500 --> 00:19:05,490 is that we're now adding this encrypted tunnel 450 450 00:19:05,490 --> 00:19:09,130 over SSL or TLS to make it more secure. 451 451 00:19:09,130 --> 00:19:13,170 In summary, LDAPS is going to operate over port 636 452 452 00:19:13,170 --> 00:19:15,720 and provide secure directory services. 453 453 00:19:15,720 --> 00:19:18,130 Next, we have IMAP over SSL 454 454 00:19:18,130 --> 00:19:22,090 or the Internet Message Access Protocol over SSL. 455 455 00:19:22,090 --> 00:19:25,470 This is going to operate over port 993. 456 456 00:19:25,470 --> 00:19:29,090 IMAP over SSL is our secure version of our IMAP service. 457 457 00:19:29,090 --> 00:19:32,120 Earlier we talked about how IMAP was used to receive emails 458 458 00:19:32,120 --> 00:19:34,770 and we can maintain their read or unread status. 459 459 00:19:34,770 --> 00:19:37,520 And that's exactly what IMAP SSL is going to do. 460 460 00:19:37,520 --> 00:19:39,250 It's exactly the same service 461 461 00:19:39,250 --> 00:19:42,420 but again, the difference here is we took our normal IMAP 462 462 00:19:42,420 --> 00:19:45,720 that operate over port 143 in plain text 463 463 00:19:45,720 --> 00:19:48,700 and we now put it over an encrypted SSL tunnel, 464 464 00:19:48,700 --> 00:19:52,630 which then added this into port 993. 465 465 00:19:52,630 --> 00:19:55,810 Now in summary, IMAP over SSL is going to operate 466 466 00:19:55,810 --> 00:19:57,340 over port 993, 467 467 00:19:57,340 --> 00:19:59,070 and it's a secure and encrypted way 468 468 00:19:59,070 --> 00:20:01,090 for us to receive emails. 469 469 00:20:01,090 --> 00:20:03,810 Next, we have the secure version of POP3 470 470 00:20:03,810 --> 00:20:07,520 known as Post Office Protocol version three over SSL 471 471 00:20:07,520 --> 00:20:09,940 or PPOP3 over SSL. 472 472 00:20:09,940 --> 00:20:13,080 This is going to operate over port 995. 473 473 00:20:13,080 --> 00:20:15,580 Now when we have POP3 over SSL, 474 474 00:20:15,580 --> 00:20:18,380 this is the secure version of our POP3 service. 475 475 00:20:18,380 --> 00:20:21,780 Again, we talked about OP3 earlier as an older protocol 476 476 00:20:21,780 --> 00:20:23,240 used to receive emails, 477 477 00:20:23,240 --> 00:20:26,640 but we couldn't maintain their read or unread states. 478 478 00:20:26,640 --> 00:20:30,770 Well with POP3 over SSL, it does the exact same thing. 479 479 00:20:30,770 --> 00:20:32,410 Again, the only difference 480 480 00:20:32,410 --> 00:20:34,580 is we are now adding this encrypted tunnel 481 481 00:20:34,580 --> 00:20:37,560 so we have this text in a secure encrypted format 482 482 00:20:37,560 --> 00:20:40,970 and we run it over that tunnel on port 995. 483 483 00:20:40,970 --> 00:20:45,500 So remember POP3 over SSL operates over port 995, 484 484 00:20:45,500 --> 00:20:49,110 and it's a secure and encrypted way to receive our emails. 485 485 00:20:49,110 --> 00:20:52,070 Next, we have the SQL Server Protocol 486 486 00:20:52,070 --> 00:20:54,860 or Structured Query Language Server Protocol. 487 487 00:20:54,860 --> 00:20:57,220 This is also known as SQL. 488 488 00:20:57,220 --> 00:21:00,390 It operates over port 1433. 489 489 00:21:00,390 --> 00:21:02,810 Now SQL is a language that's used to communicate 490 490 00:21:02,810 --> 00:21:04,490 with a database server. 491 491 00:21:04,490 --> 00:21:06,720 Often in your networks you're going to find clients 492 492 00:21:06,720 --> 00:21:09,050 that need to communicate with a database server. 493 493 00:21:09,050 --> 00:21:11,660 If that server is a Microsoft SQL Server, 494 494 00:21:11,660 --> 00:21:14,140 then your client is going to communicate to that server 495 495 00:21:14,140 --> 00:21:18,320 over port 1433 to talk to the database engine. 496 496 00:21:18,320 --> 00:21:20,420 In summary, remember the SQL server 497 497 00:21:20,420 --> 00:21:23,150 will communicate over port 1433 498 498 00:21:23,150 --> 00:21:25,380 and it's used for communication from a client 499 499 00:21:25,380 --> 00:21:27,140 to a database engine. 500 500 00:21:27,140 --> 00:21:29,710 Next, we have the SQLnet Protocol, 501 501 00:21:29,710 --> 00:21:31,377 which operates over port 1521. 502 502 00:21:32,660 --> 00:21:36,180 SQLnet is used by the Oracle version of an SQL server. 503 503 00:21:36,180 --> 00:21:38,250 And it provides a lot of the same functions 504 504 00:21:38,250 --> 00:21:41,250 as Microsoft SQL Server that we just discussed. 505 505 00:21:41,250 --> 00:21:43,500 If you're running Oracle databases in your network, 506 506 00:21:43,500 --> 00:21:45,940 you're going to be using port 1521 507 507 00:21:45,940 --> 00:21:48,540 instead of port 1433. 508 508 00:21:48,540 --> 00:21:51,770 In summary, remember that SQLnet is for Oracle 509 509 00:21:51,770 --> 00:21:55,100 and it communicates over 1521 as its port 510 510 00:21:55,100 --> 00:21:58,720 and it's used to go from a client to an Oracle database. 511 511 00:21:58,720 --> 00:22:01,290 Next, we have another type of SQL protocol. 512 512 00:22:01,290 --> 00:22:03,430 This one is known as MySQL 513 513 00:22:03,430 --> 00:22:07,100 and it operates a report 3306. 514 514 00:22:07,100 --> 00:22:09,450 MySQL is an open source version of SQL 515 515 00:22:09,450 --> 00:22:11,300 that is heavily used by the world 516 516 00:22:11,300 --> 00:22:13,060 because of all these different clients 517 517 00:22:13,060 --> 00:22:15,000 can communicate with SQL servers 518 518 00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:17,170 using this open source protocol. 519 519 00:22:17,170 --> 00:22:19,330 If you're going to be using a MySQL server, 520 520 00:22:19,330 --> 00:22:21,360 you're going to be using the MySQL protocol 521 521 00:22:21,360 --> 00:22:22,620 to communicate to them. 522 522 00:22:22,620 --> 00:22:24,780 So remember, the MySQL protocol 523 523 00:22:24,780 --> 00:22:27,320 is going to communicate over port 3306 524 524 00:22:27,320 --> 00:22:29,490 and it's used for communication from a client 525 525 00:22:29,490 --> 00:22:31,940 to the MySQL database engine. 526 526 00:22:31,940 --> 00:22:36,000 Next, we have the Remote Desktop Protocol or RDP. 527 527 00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:39,630 Now RDP is going to operate over port 3389. 528 528 00:22:39,630 --> 00:22:41,610 So be careful here, 529 529 00:22:41,610 --> 00:22:45,390 notice 3389 it looks a whole lot like 389 530 530 00:22:45,390 --> 00:22:46,770 that we covered with LDAP 531 531 00:22:46,770 --> 00:22:49,440 and students will commonly mix up these two port numbers 532 532 00:22:49,440 --> 00:22:52,440 on the exam because of this exam writers 533 533 00:22:52,440 --> 00:22:56,340 absolutely love to include both 389 and 3389 534 534 00:22:56,340 --> 00:22:59,020 as answer choices whenever you get a question about 535 535 00:22:59,020 --> 00:23:03,430 RDP, LDAP or LDAPS, so be careful here. 536 536 00:23:03,430 --> 00:23:06,880 Now the Remote Desktop Protocol is a proprietary protocol 537 537 00:23:06,880 --> 00:23:08,490 that was developed by Microsoft, 538 538 00:23:08,490 --> 00:23:11,420 and it allows users to control their computers remotely 539 539 00:23:11,420 --> 00:23:13,310 using a graphical interface. 540 540 00:23:13,310 --> 00:23:16,430 Now RDP is kind of similar to SSH and Telnet 541 541 00:23:16,430 --> 00:23:17,950 in that it provides us with the ability 542 542 00:23:17,950 --> 00:23:20,360 to remotely control another computer or server, 543 543 00:23:20,360 --> 00:23:22,600 but it gives us this additional benefit 544 544 00:23:22,600 --> 00:23:24,630 of being able to actually see what we're doing 545 545 00:23:24,630 --> 00:23:26,850 by using a graphical user interface. 546 546 00:23:26,850 --> 00:23:28,360 It gives us full control over it 547 547 00:23:28,360 --> 00:23:29,890 with our mouse and our keyboard 548 548 00:23:29,890 --> 00:23:30,880 as if we were sitting down 549 549 00:23:30,880 --> 00:23:32,960 in front of that other machine locally. 550 550 00:23:32,960 --> 00:23:35,440 So when we had SSH and Telnet, 551 551 00:23:35,440 --> 00:23:38,190 we can only control computers using text-based commands 552 552 00:23:38,190 --> 00:23:40,130 over a command line or a shell. 553 553 00:23:40,130 --> 00:23:44,140 But with RDP, we have a full graphical user interface. 554 554 00:23:44,140 --> 00:23:46,520 As you can see, I have an Android phone 555 555 00:23:46,520 --> 00:23:48,820 that's actually using RDP through a web browser, 556 556 00:23:48,820 --> 00:23:50,670 and it's able to see this Windows machine 557 557 00:23:50,670 --> 00:23:52,300 and remotely control it. 558 558 00:23:52,300 --> 00:23:54,590 This allows users with RDP software 559 559 00:23:54,590 --> 00:23:57,170 to be able to access their computers from anywhere they are, 560 560 00:23:57,170 --> 00:23:58,800 whether they're doing so over the internet 561 561 00:23:58,800 --> 00:24:00,550 or inside your network, 562 562 00:24:00,550 --> 00:24:03,380 as long as you're using port 3389. 563 563 00:24:03,380 --> 00:24:08,260 So in summary, remember that RDP operates over port 3389 564 564 00:24:08,260 --> 00:24:10,370 and it provides you with graphical remote control 565 565 00:24:10,370 --> 00:24:12,720 of another client or a server. 566 566 00:24:12,720 --> 00:24:16,500 Next, we have the Session Initiation Protocol or SIP. 567 567 00:24:16,500 --> 00:24:21,460 SIP is going to operate over ports 5060 and 5061. 568 568 00:24:21,460 --> 00:24:23,250 SIP is going to be used to provide signaling 569 569 00:24:23,250 --> 00:24:25,760 and controlling media communication sessions 570 570 00:24:25,760 --> 00:24:27,350 for different applications. 571 571 00:24:27,350 --> 00:24:31,000 This is commonly used in VoIP, video calls, voice calls, 572 572 00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:32,880 as well as an instant messaging. 573 573 00:24:32,880 --> 00:24:35,780 When you're using something like VoIP or Skype or FaceTime 574 574 00:24:35,780 --> 00:24:38,540 or something like that you're probably going to be using SIP 575 575 00:24:38,540 --> 00:24:40,490 to initiate that communication. 576 576 00:24:40,490 --> 00:24:44,827 So remember, SIP operates over reports 5060 and 5061 577 577 00:24:45,710 --> 00:24:48,670 and it's used to initiate VoIP and video calls. 578 578 00:24:48,670 --> 00:24:51,640 All right, that was a ton of information. 579 579 00:24:51,640 --> 00:24:54,340 Like I said, this is a really important video 580 580 00:24:54,340 --> 00:24:57,610 with a lot of dense material that you have to master. 581 581 00:24:57,610 --> 00:25:00,250 You're going to need to remember the protocol, the port, 582 582 00:25:00,250 --> 00:25:01,540 and what it's used for, 583 583 00:25:01,540 --> 00:25:03,270 for each of the 28 things 584 584 00:25:03,270 --> 00:25:05,220 that we just covered in this lesson. 585 585 00:25:05,220 --> 00:25:07,470 I promise you watching this video once 586 586 00:25:07,470 --> 00:25:08,810 is not going to be enough 587 587 00:25:08,810 --> 00:25:12,010 for getting all that into your head and having it memorized. 588 588 00:25:12,010 --> 00:25:14,240 So you need to go back and re watch this video 589 589 00:25:14,240 --> 00:25:16,500 a few more times to ensure you've memorize 590 590 00:25:16,500 --> 00:25:19,270 all 28 of these protocols and ports. 591 591 00:25:19,270 --> 00:25:21,410 I also recommend that you create flashcards 592 592 00:25:21,410 --> 00:25:24,030 and quiz yourself on these ports and protocols. 593 593 00:25:24,030 --> 00:25:26,420 On the one side, you should write the port number 594 594 00:25:26,420 --> 00:25:27,850 and on the other side of the card 595 595 00:25:27,850 --> 00:25:29,710 I want you to write the protocol. 596 596 00:25:29,710 --> 00:25:32,680 This way you can start testing yourself as you go. 597 597 00:25:32,680 --> 00:25:34,510 There really is no easy way to memorize 598 598 00:25:34,510 --> 00:25:35,890 a lot of these unfortunately, 599 599 00:25:35,890 --> 00:25:37,880 it's just something you have to spend time with 600 600 00:25:37,880 --> 00:25:40,660 and get it into your memory and then quiz yourself often 601 601 00:25:40,660 --> 00:25:43,280 to ensure you don't forget them before test day. 602 602 00:25:43,280 --> 00:25:45,360 If you can remember the port, the protocol 603 603 00:25:45,360 --> 00:25:46,950 and what it's going to be used for, 604 604 00:25:46,950 --> 00:25:48,660 for each of these 28 items, 605 605 00:25:48,660 --> 00:25:51,360 you're going to do well on these questions come test day.