1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:01,020 In this lesson, 2 00:00:01,020 --> 00:00:03,330 we're going to explore two physical security controls 3 00:00:03,330 --> 00:00:05,640 known as fencing and bollards. 4 00:00:05,640 --> 00:00:07,380 Now in the realm of physical security, 5 00:00:07,380 --> 00:00:08,670 fencing and bollards stand out 6 00:00:08,670 --> 00:00:11,250 as some of the most primitive yet effective tools 7 00:00:11,250 --> 00:00:13,470 that are employed to safeguard assets and people 8 00:00:13,470 --> 00:00:15,420 inside your organization. 9 00:00:15,420 --> 00:00:18,300 These tools are indispensable for security professionals 10 00:00:18,300 --> 00:00:20,160 that are aiming to ensure that their facilities, 11 00:00:20,160 --> 00:00:22,140 infrastructure, and public spaces 12 00:00:22,140 --> 00:00:24,690 remain safe from various types of threats. 13 00:00:24,690 --> 00:00:27,330 Now, fencing serves as our first line of defense. 14 00:00:27,330 --> 00:00:29,370 A fence is simply defined as a structure 15 00:00:29,370 --> 00:00:33,120 that encloses an area using interconnected panels or posts. 16 00:00:33,120 --> 00:00:34,500 These structures can be crafted 17 00:00:34,500 --> 00:00:35,820 from a wide range of materials 18 00:00:35,820 --> 00:00:39,720 from wood to metal to wire mesh to concrete and more. 19 00:00:39,720 --> 00:00:41,490 These fences can be quite ugly 20 00:00:41,490 --> 00:00:44,190 like a massive 10-foot tall electrified fence 21 00:00:44,190 --> 00:00:47,160 or one that has razor wire going right across the top, 22 00:00:47,160 --> 00:00:50,160 or they can be more decorative but still secure 23 00:00:50,160 --> 00:00:53,100 like a tall cement fence that surrounds your building. 24 00:00:53,100 --> 00:00:54,750 Now, in terms of physical security, 25 00:00:54,750 --> 00:00:57,480 fences are going to serve several different purposes. 26 00:00:57,480 --> 00:01:00,720 First, fences are a great way to provide a visual deterrent 27 00:01:00,720 --> 00:01:01,950 by defining a boundary 28 00:01:01,950 --> 00:01:04,739 that should not be violated by unauthorized personnel. 29 00:01:04,739 --> 00:01:07,462 For example, at my house, I have a six-foot tall fence 30 00:01:07,462 --> 00:01:09,750 that provides a defined visual barrier 31 00:01:09,750 --> 00:01:12,750 showing where my property starts and where it ends. 32 00:01:12,750 --> 00:01:15,090 Second, these fences can be used to establish 33 00:01:15,090 --> 00:01:17,880 a physical barrier against unauthorized entry. 34 00:01:17,880 --> 00:01:19,260 I used to work for the US government 35 00:01:19,260 --> 00:01:21,090 at several of their military bases 36 00:01:21,090 --> 00:01:23,400 and each one had a large electrified fence 37 00:01:23,400 --> 00:01:25,770 with razor wire going all across the top of it 38 00:01:25,770 --> 00:01:28,590 to establish a barrier between our secured office spaces 39 00:01:28,590 --> 00:01:31,950 and the areas locate outside of our fenced-in location. 40 00:01:31,950 --> 00:01:34,710 Third, fences can be used to effectively delay intruders 41 00:01:34,710 --> 00:01:36,840 which can help provide our security personnel 42 00:01:36,840 --> 00:01:39,810 a longer window of time to react to an intrusion. 43 00:01:39,810 --> 00:01:41,520 If it takes the intruder another five minutes 44 00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:43,800 to climb over the fence or to dig underneath it, 45 00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:45,840 that is actually going to give us an extra five minutes 46 00:01:45,840 --> 00:01:48,450 to get the police or our onsite security personnel 47 00:01:48,450 --> 00:01:51,780 over to that location in order to capture those intruders. 48 00:01:51,780 --> 00:01:54,390 At their core, fences provide us with the primary method 49 00:01:54,390 --> 00:01:57,060 of protecting our facilities against trespassing, 50 00:01:57,060 --> 00:02:00,450 theft, vandalism, and unauthorized facility access. 51 00:02:00,450 --> 00:02:02,460 However, these fences can also be vulnerable 52 00:02:02,460 --> 00:02:03,840 to attack themselves. 53 00:02:03,840 --> 00:02:05,640 For example, an intruder might attempt 54 00:02:05,640 --> 00:02:07,530 to scale a fence by climbing over it, 55 00:02:07,530 --> 00:02:08,490 which would then be countered 56 00:02:08,490 --> 00:02:09,870 by building an even taller fence 57 00:02:09,870 --> 00:02:11,940 or using deterrents like electrification 58 00:02:11,940 --> 00:02:14,340 or barbed wire on the top of those fences. 59 00:02:14,340 --> 00:02:16,890 On the other hand, some wire and chain link fences 60 00:02:16,890 --> 00:02:18,780 are very susceptible to being cut 61 00:02:18,780 --> 00:02:21,570 but you can build your fence at a more robust materials 62 00:02:21,570 --> 00:02:23,100 or install monitoring systems 63 00:02:23,100 --> 00:02:26,130 to deter and detect against these kind of attacks. 64 00:02:26,130 --> 00:02:27,120 If you're worried about somebody 65 00:02:27,120 --> 00:02:28,680 digging underneath your fence, 66 00:02:28,680 --> 00:02:29,790 you can construct your fence 67 00:02:29,790 --> 00:02:32,250 so a portion of it is actually built underground 68 00:02:32,250 --> 00:02:35,041 or you can bury some mesh wire along the fence line as well 69 00:02:35,041 --> 00:02:37,080 in order to protect the attacker 70 00:02:37,080 --> 00:02:39,360 from digging underneath that fence. 71 00:02:39,360 --> 00:02:41,370 Now, the second type of physical security boundary 72 00:02:41,370 --> 00:02:43,830 we need to cover is known as a bollard. 73 00:02:43,830 --> 00:02:46,500 Now, bollards are robust, short vertical posts 74 00:02:46,500 --> 00:02:48,600 typically made out of steel or concrete 75 00:02:48,600 --> 00:02:49,530 that are going to be designed 76 00:02:49,530 --> 00:02:52,380 to manage or redirect vehicular traffic. 77 00:02:52,380 --> 00:02:54,930 These bollards can either be installed as permanent fixtures 78 00:02:54,930 --> 00:02:58,290 or they could be set up as temporary security measures. 79 00:02:58,290 --> 00:03:00,600 After the terrorism attacks of 9/11, 80 00:03:00,600 --> 00:03:02,340 bollards became extremely popular 81 00:03:02,340 --> 00:03:03,900 as an anti-terrorism device 82 00:03:03,900 --> 00:03:05,640 because they can be placed along sidewalks 83 00:03:05,640 --> 00:03:07,290 or across the front of a building 84 00:03:07,290 --> 00:03:10,110 to keep vehicles from driving onto a busy sidewalk 85 00:03:10,110 --> 00:03:11,880 or through the front of a building. 86 00:03:11,880 --> 00:03:13,710 If you've ever visited a military base, 87 00:03:13,710 --> 00:03:16,410 they use bollards all over the place to keep vehicles 88 00:03:16,410 --> 00:03:19,140 away from areas where a lot of their people are going to gather 89 00:03:19,140 --> 00:03:21,870 such as the on-base grocery stores, the department stores, 90 00:03:21,870 --> 00:03:24,360 and even office buildings on that base. 91 00:03:24,360 --> 00:03:26,310 In terms of their anti-terrorism use, 92 00:03:26,310 --> 00:03:28,050 bollards are really designed to keep vehicles 93 00:03:28,050 --> 00:03:29,430 further away from your buildings 94 00:03:29,430 --> 00:03:32,100 so that if a vehicle base improvised explosive device, 95 00:03:32,100 --> 00:03:34,470 known as an IED, is exploded nearby, 96 00:03:34,470 --> 00:03:36,570 your building and its people inside of it 97 00:03:36,570 --> 00:03:40,200 should remain safely outside of the expected blast radius. 98 00:03:40,200 --> 00:03:42,360 Now, as I said, bollards are usually implemented 99 00:03:42,360 --> 00:03:43,800 to create a physical barrier 100 00:03:43,800 --> 00:03:45,570 that shields pedestrians, structures, 101 00:03:45,570 --> 00:03:48,330 and other assets from potential vehicular collisions 102 00:03:48,330 --> 00:03:51,420 whether those are deliberate or caused by an accident. 103 00:03:51,420 --> 00:03:53,790 These bollards can also serve a secondary purpose 104 00:03:53,790 --> 00:03:55,830 by acting as a clear visual reminder 105 00:03:55,830 --> 00:03:58,470 of where vehicles are not permitted to enter. 106 00:03:58,470 --> 00:03:59,670 Now, if you go to the mall 107 00:03:59,670 --> 00:04:02,100 or your local downtown shopping area this afternoon, 108 00:04:02,100 --> 00:04:03,780 keep an eye out for these bollards. 109 00:04:03,780 --> 00:04:05,880 You may see them placed in front of shopping areas 110 00:04:05,880 --> 00:04:08,400 or storefronts as a way to deter would-be criminals 111 00:04:08,400 --> 00:04:10,560 from using ram raiding techniques. 112 00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:12,330 This is where a criminal will drive their vehicle 113 00:04:12,330 --> 00:04:14,250 directly into the storefronts window. 114 00:04:14,250 --> 00:04:17,220 That way, their accomplices can jump out, rob the store, 115 00:04:17,220 --> 00:04:19,769 jump back in the vehicle, and drive away. 116 00:04:19,769 --> 00:04:21,149 Now, most bollards are designed 117 00:04:21,149 --> 00:04:22,950 to be clearly seen as a deterrent, 118 00:04:22,950 --> 00:04:24,120 but some architects 119 00:04:24,120 --> 00:04:25,740 prefer to incorporate them visually 120 00:04:25,740 --> 00:04:27,150 into a more appealing way, 121 00:04:27,150 --> 00:04:28,890 so that way they're less noticeable. 122 00:04:28,890 --> 00:04:30,960 For example, I have been to several stores 123 00:04:30,960 --> 00:04:33,300 here in the United States that use large cement planters 124 00:04:33,300 --> 00:04:35,580 in front of their buildings to act as bollards, 125 00:04:35,580 --> 00:04:36,750 even though most people 126 00:04:36,750 --> 00:04:39,060 just think they're there to hold those plants. 127 00:04:39,060 --> 00:04:41,460 Or if you ever shop at the Target department store 128 00:04:41,460 --> 00:04:42,720 here in the United States, 129 00:04:42,720 --> 00:04:45,090 you're going to see they have these large red balls 130 00:04:45,090 --> 00:04:46,680 that are actually sitting in front of their building, 131 00:04:46,680 --> 00:04:48,390 and it looks like they're company logo 132 00:04:48,390 --> 00:04:50,160 but they're actually bollards. 133 00:04:50,160 --> 00:04:51,420 They're designed to look pretty 134 00:04:51,420 --> 00:04:52,680 but their primary purpose 135 00:04:52,680 --> 00:04:54,780 is really there to prevent vehicular attacks 136 00:04:54,780 --> 00:04:56,850 against the front of their stores. 137 00:04:56,850 --> 00:04:59,340 Now, while bollards do a great job of keeping us secure, 138 00:04:59,340 --> 00:05:00,510 it's also important to note 139 00:05:00,510 --> 00:05:03,150 that bollards are not invulnerable to attack. 140 00:05:03,150 --> 00:05:04,530 The primary threat that's going to be used 141 00:05:04,530 --> 00:05:05,363 against your bollards 142 00:05:05,363 --> 00:05:07,440 is actually a direct impact from a vehicle. 143 00:05:07,440 --> 00:05:08,640 So to overcome this, 144 00:05:08,640 --> 00:05:10,890 your bollards need to be designed to be able to accept 145 00:05:10,890 --> 00:05:13,560 a large amount of force without failing. 146 00:05:13,560 --> 00:05:16,230 For example, a bollard with an ASTM rating 147 00:05:16,230 --> 00:05:20,820 of F2656-07 M30 P1 148 00:05:20,820 --> 00:05:22,020 means that the bollard can stop 149 00:05:22,020 --> 00:05:23,790 a 15,000-pound vehicle 150 00:05:23,790 --> 00:05:25,800 driving into it at 30 miles an hour 151 00:05:25,800 --> 00:05:27,570 without allowing the vehicle to move forward 152 00:05:27,570 --> 00:05:30,450 more than one meter after hitting that bollard. 153 00:05:30,450 --> 00:05:32,760 Now, some attackers will also try to defeat a bollard 154 00:05:32,760 --> 00:05:35,280 by simply tampering with it or outright removing it 155 00:05:35,280 --> 00:05:38,850 if that bollard uses a temporary or removable design. 156 00:05:38,850 --> 00:05:40,470 Now, while fencing and bollards 157 00:05:40,470 --> 00:05:42,660 both function as physical security barriers, 158 00:05:42,660 --> 00:05:44,460 they are designed to address two different 159 00:05:44,460 --> 00:05:46,200 and distinct types of threats. 160 00:05:46,200 --> 00:05:48,180 Fencing is considered to be more adaptable 161 00:05:48,180 --> 00:05:50,280 and well-suited for safeguarding large perimeters 162 00:05:50,280 --> 00:05:51,870 around the entire building. 163 00:05:51,870 --> 00:05:53,370 Where bollards, on the other hand, 164 00:05:53,370 --> 00:05:55,590 are really going to be designed to counter vehicular threats 165 00:05:55,590 --> 00:05:57,300 in a specified area. 166 00:05:57,300 --> 00:06:00,330 So remember, fences are focused on preventing people 167 00:06:00,330 --> 00:06:01,800 from accessing your facilities 168 00:06:01,800 --> 00:06:03,990 while bollards are focused on preventing vehicles 169 00:06:03,990 --> 00:06:06,060 from getting too close to your facilities. 170 00:06:06,060 --> 00:06:07,650 By understanding the strengths and weaknesses 171 00:06:07,650 --> 00:06:09,570 of each type of defensive countermeasure, 172 00:06:09,570 --> 00:06:11,820 you're going to be able to design a more secure system 173 00:06:11,820 --> 00:06:14,070 that works holistically to cultivate a safer, 174 00:06:14,070 --> 00:06:15,450 more secure working environment 175 00:06:15,450 --> 00:06:17,550 in your organization's facilities. 176 00:06:17,550 --> 00:06:19,620 As the nature of threats continue to evolve, 177 00:06:19,620 --> 00:06:22,320 so do the strategies and tools devised to counteract them 178 00:06:22,320 --> 00:06:24,360 in this ongoing game of cat and mouse 179 00:06:24,360 --> 00:06:25,380 that's designed to prevent 180 00:06:25,380 --> 00:06:26,460 physical security breaches 181 00:06:26,460 --> 00:06:28,173 from happening at your facility.