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- Welcome to lesson 10, deep dive quiz.

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Now, lesson 10 was all about comparing

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and contrasting security implications

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of different architecture models.

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So we explored a number of
different architectures.

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In lesson 10.1,

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we did a survey of different
computing architectures.

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In lesson 10.2,

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we looked at cloud services
from a consumer perspective.

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In lesson 10.3, we looked
at the cloud infrastructure.

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In lesson 10.4,

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we focused in on our data
center solution elements

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with a real heavy focus on automation.

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In 10.5, we explored virtualization.

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In 10.6, I introduced
you to embedded systems

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and we looked at
industrial control systems

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and SCADA systems.

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And then we carried over
looking at embedded systems

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right into lesson 10.7

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when we looked at the internet of things,

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which is an embedded
system as well as IIOT,

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the industrial internet of things.

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So that takes us to a 10 question quiz.

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So make sure you've got a pen

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or a pencil and a piece of paper.

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Put me on pause as often as you need to.

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I really want you to work through
these answers on your own.

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And then take me off pause

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and go through it with me together.

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So let's get our quiz started.

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Question one,

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on demand and temporary
use of the public cloud

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when demand exceeds resources available

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in a private cloud or
on-premises infrastructure,

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is this cloud bursting,
elasticity, high availability,

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or resource pooling?

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Which answer do you like?

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If you need to, don't
hesitate to put me on pause.

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The on-demand and temporary
use, right, of the public cloud

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when demand exceeds
resources either available

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in our private cloud or in our
on-premises infrastructure.

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Cloud bursting, elasticity,
high availability,

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resource pooling.

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I'm gonna choose cloud bursting.

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Now, elasticity often
refers to the ability

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to add more resources and take them away.

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High availability ensures

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that the systems are always available.

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And resource pooling really refers

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to being able to virtualize our systems

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and be able to sort of manage,
mix and match, if you will,

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our resources.

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But I believe this one is
gonna be cloud bursting.

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Do you agree?

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Let's check.

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And that is correct.

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Question two.

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You have recently joined ACME Oil and Gas.

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You are dismayed to find
that security patches

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are no longer available for
the in the field devices

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because of the age of
the operating system.

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How would you most likely
describe this architecture?

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So it's oil and gas, it's an old system,

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and it's out in the field.

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An embedded system,
client/server, a mainframe,

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or an ICS or SCADA system.

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So how are you going to describe
the architecture itself?

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Embedded, client/server,
mainframe, or ICS/SCADA?

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Well, it is an embedded system

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but that doesn't really tell us enough.

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It's not client/server.

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It's probably not a mainframe.

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Ah, because it is oil and gas,

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it's old and it's in the field,

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my guess is it's an ICS/SCADA system.

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You like that one?

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Let's try it.

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There we go.

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All right, question three.

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The cloud infrastructure is
comprised of multiple layers.

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I want you to choose all that apply.

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A security layer, a community
layer, a virtual layer,

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or a physical host layer.

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So the cloud infrastructure itself, right,

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comprised of multiple layers.

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I want you to choose the ones that apply.

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Security layer, community
layer, virtual layer,

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or physical host layer.

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Go ahead, take your time.

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Well, I'm gonna choose
a physical host layer

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because that's the
physical devices, right?

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The physical computing equipment

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and all of the ancillary equipment.

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And then from that physical host,

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we are going to virtualize components

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to be able to create our resource pool

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to be able to dynamically
allocate resources

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to our users as they need it.

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So the physical host layer
and the virtual layer.

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That's what I believe are
the two layers, right,

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in our cloud infrastructure.

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You agree?

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Let's check it.

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And that is correct.

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Question four.

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This logical mechanism packages together

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everything needed to run
a small piece of software.

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A private cloud, a
container, a virtual machine,

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or a hypervisor.

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Private cloud, container,

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virtual machine, or hypervisor.

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What are you gonna choose?

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I'm gonna choose a container, right?

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Everything we need to run a
small piece of software, right?

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It's not really the private cloud.

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Private cloud is just the cloud
for exclusive use, you know,

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of a particular group.

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It's not necessarily a
virtual machine, VM, right?

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Just refers to the fact

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that we're going to
virtualize, you know, a machine

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from a host system.

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Hypervisor is what actually allows us

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to virtualize containers
what we're looking for here.

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Agree?

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Let's check.

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And that's correct.

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All right.

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Question five.

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Ooh, we got a lot of matching to do here.

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We're gonna match the
following cloud related terms

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and their descriptions.

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You are definitely gonna have
to put me on pause for this

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and get out a piece of paper.

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On the left hand side, we
have a private cloud, SaaS,

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That's software as a service.

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IAAS, infrastructure as a service.

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A community cloud.

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PaaS, platform as a service.

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And the public cloud.

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On the right hand side,

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we have customers provision
bare metal resources,

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customers deploy onto
the cloud infrastructure,

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provisioned for a well-defined group,

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customers use the provider's application,

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provision for single
organization exclusive use,

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and provision for public use.

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So put me on pause,

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come on back when you
got 'em all matched up.

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All right, I'm gonna
start right up on the top

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on the right hand side.

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Customers provision bare metal resources.

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Well, that sounds a lot to me like IaaS.

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So there we go.

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Provisioned for a well-defined group.

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Well, a well-defined
group must be a community.

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So let's go to a community cloud.

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Customers use the provider's application.

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Right, so they're signing on

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and just using the application
provided by the provider.

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Sounds a lot like software
as a service or SaaS.

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Customers deploy,

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and by this point, we probably
mean deploy applications

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if they have either acquired

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or created onto the cloud infrastructure.

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It sounds a lot like PaaS,
platform as a service.

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Oh, provision for single
organization exclusive use.

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Well, that's very private.

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And right there is our private cloud.

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And lastly, we have
provision for public use.

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Well, that's our public cloud.

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So let's go right down to
these private cloud provision

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for a single organization's exclusive use.

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SaaS, software as a service,

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customers use of providers application.

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IaaS infrastructure as a service,

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customers provision bare metal resources.

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A community cloud, provision
for a well-defined group.

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PaaS, platform as a service,

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customers deploy onto
the cloud infrastructure.

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And a public cloud, which is
provisioned for public use.

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Agree?

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Well, let's check it out.

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Awesome, we got 'em all right.

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Question six.

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Which component is not,
again, that word not,

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considered to be part of a
closed-loop embedded system?

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That means three of these

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are part of a closed-loop
embedded system and one is not.

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A printer interface.

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The device specific application.

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An RTOS.

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Or an SoC.

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Now, RTOS was a real-time
operating system.

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SoC was system on a chip.

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Three of those are part of a
closed-loop embedded system.

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One is not.

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Which one isn't?

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Well, let's see.

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System on a chip, that's
definitely part of our closed-loop.

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RTOS, definitely part of our closed-loop.

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And this piece of
software, the application,

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part of our closed-loop.

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So what's not part of our closed-loop?

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Right there, our printer interface.

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You agree?

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All right, let's check it out.

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And we are correct.

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Okay, we are gonna drag and drop terms

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to describe IOT systems.

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And I'm gonna read you
each of the sentences

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and then it'll be a great
time to put me on pause

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and figure out what word goes where.

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Blank is the foundation of an IOT device.

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Blank detect and response to
changes in the environment.

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Blank translate electrical
signals into physical action.

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Blank are used to send
and receive RF signals.

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And blank is how IOT devices
communicate with each other.

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And our terms we have to use
are VNC, embedded systems,

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transceivers, RTOS,
SOC, actuators, sensors,

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and smart connectivity.

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Now, there's more terms there

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than we're actually going to use.

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So put me on pause,

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figure out how to finish these
sentences, then come on back.

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We'll do it together.

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All right, the foundation
of an IOT device,

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well, that's gonna be an
embedded system, right?

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The embedded system is a
foundation of an IOT device.

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Blanks detect and respond to
changes in the environment.

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That's gonna be sensors.

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Sensors are what detect and respond

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to changes in the environment.

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Blank translate electrical
signals into physical signals.

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That's the job of an actuator.

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Blank is used to send
and receive RF signals.

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That's a job of a transceiver.

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And blank is how IOT devices
communicate with each other.

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And the term that we use
for how they communicate

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with each other is going
to be smart connectivity.

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So we're not using term VNC, RTOS or SOC.

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So an embedded system is the
foundation of an IOT device.

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Sensors detect and respond to
changes in the environment.

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Actuators translate electrical
signals into physical action.

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Transceivers are used to
send and receive RF signals.

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And smart connectivity is
how IOT devices communicate

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with each other.

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Do you get 'em all?

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All right, let's check our work.

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And that's correct.

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All right, question eight.

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This situation occurs when
the number of virtual machines

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is out of control.

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Is it virtualization
sprawl, over allocation,

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virtual machine escape,
or network virtualization?

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So this is why we just
keep standing up VMs

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over and over again.

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We've just got so many of them, right?

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Is this referred to as
virtualization sprawl,

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over allocation, virtual machine escape,

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or network virtualization?

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Well, right away,

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you should be able to eliminate
at least a couple here.

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We're gonna eliminate
network virtualization

264
00:11:32,340 --> 00:11:34,560
because that just isn't
relevant to our question.

265
00:11:34,560 --> 00:11:37,941
And over allocation, which is
kind of a cool sounding term

266
00:11:37,941 --> 00:11:39,570
but it isn't really a term.

267
00:11:39,570 --> 00:11:41,400
It's just one we made up.

268
00:11:41,400 --> 00:11:43,320
So now we're between virtualization sprawl

269
00:11:43,320 --> 00:11:46,320
and virtual machine escape.

270
00:11:46,320 --> 00:11:49,440
Well, virtual machine escape
is when there is communication

271
00:11:49,440 --> 00:11:51,240
between the virtual machine
and the host systems,

272
00:11:51,240 --> 00:11:53,100
and that should never ever happen.

273
00:11:53,100 --> 00:11:55,980
Think about the VM kind of
escaped out of its boundaries

274
00:11:55,980 --> 00:11:59,250
and now it's interacting
with the host system.

275
00:11:59,250 --> 00:12:01,110
The one I'm gonna choose here

276
00:12:01,110 --> 00:12:03,300
is going to be virtualization sprawl.

277
00:12:03,300 --> 00:12:04,890
And that's when the
number of virtual machines

278
00:12:04,890 --> 00:12:05,970
just gets out of control.

279
00:12:05,970 --> 00:12:08,970
And we have so many, we
might have licensing issues,

280
00:12:08,970 --> 00:12:11,460
we might not be managing
'em appropriately.

281
00:12:11,460 --> 00:12:13,620
We might not be including them, you know

282
00:12:13,620 --> 00:12:15,570
in our patch management
or our vulnerability

283
00:12:15,570 --> 00:12:17,850
'cause there's just so many out there.

284
00:12:17,850 --> 00:12:20,880
So virtualization sprawl, let's check it.

285
00:12:20,880 --> 00:12:22,023
And that is correct.

286
00:12:24,660 --> 00:12:25,890
Another matching.

287
00:12:25,890 --> 00:12:26,970
This one is we're gonna match

288
00:12:26,970 --> 00:12:29,370
the following solution elements
with their descriptions.

289
00:12:29,370 --> 00:12:30,330
We talked about all these

290
00:12:30,330 --> 00:12:33,090
when we talked about data
center solution elements.

291
00:12:33,090 --> 00:12:37,830
We have orchestration, serverless
computing, microservices,

292
00:12:37,830 --> 00:12:39,663
and infrastructure as code.

293
00:12:40,530 --> 00:12:41,700
Those are the solution elements.

294
00:12:41,700 --> 00:12:43,800
Descriptions down the right hand side.

295
00:12:43,800 --> 00:12:46,410
The integration of disparate
tools and platforms

296
00:12:46,410 --> 00:12:48,570
for an automated response.

297
00:12:48,570 --> 00:12:52,170
Dynamic allocation of execution resources.

298
00:12:52,170 --> 00:12:54,660
Independent deployable components.

299
00:12:54,660 --> 00:12:57,363
Or codes used to automate provisioning.

300
00:12:59,520 --> 00:13:00,900
Well, even though this is randomized

301
00:13:00,900 --> 00:13:03,630
this is a little weird because
what's gonna happen here?

302
00:13:03,630 --> 00:13:06,840
Can you tell right away how
these are gonna match up?

303
00:13:06,840 --> 00:13:09,180
Yeah, pretty exact.

304
00:13:09,180 --> 00:13:10,290
All right, let's try it.

305
00:13:10,290 --> 00:13:11,123
Orchestration.

306
00:13:11,123 --> 00:13:13,380
Well, that is the integration
of disparate tools

307
00:13:13,380 --> 00:13:15,813
and platforms for an automated response.

308
00:13:16,770 --> 00:13:18,120
Serverless computing,

309
00:13:18,120 --> 00:13:22,830
well, that is dynamic allocation
of execution resources.

310
00:13:22,830 --> 00:13:23,910
Microservices.

311
00:13:23,910 --> 00:13:28,410
Well, that actually is
independent deployable components.

312
00:13:28,410 --> 00:13:29,820
And infrastructure's code,

313
00:13:29,820 --> 00:13:33,450
well, that's using code
to automate provisioning.

314
00:13:33,450 --> 00:13:34,410
So going through these again.

315
00:13:34,410 --> 00:13:37,440
Orchestration is that
integration of disparate tools

316
00:13:37,440 --> 00:13:39,930
and platforms for an automated response.

317
00:13:39,930 --> 00:13:40,860
Serverless computing,

318
00:13:40,860 --> 00:13:43,650
dynamic allocation of execution resources.

319
00:13:43,650 --> 00:13:46,680
Microservices, independent
deployable components.

320
00:13:46,680 --> 00:13:48,390
And infrastructure's code,

321
00:13:48,390 --> 00:13:50,463
using code to automate provisioning.

322
00:13:51,480 --> 00:13:54,420
That was kind of an easy
one for us, wasn't it?

323
00:13:54,420 --> 00:13:56,010
All right, let's check it out.

324
00:13:56,010 --> 00:13:57,810
And that is correct.

325
00:13:57,810 --> 00:13:59,790
All right, our last question.

326
00:13:59,790 --> 00:14:02,190
The ability to fit
resources needed to cope

327
00:14:02,190 --> 00:14:03,960
with loads dynamically

328
00:14:03,960 --> 00:14:07,890
by provisioning and
deprovisioning resources.

329
00:14:07,890 --> 00:14:10,890
So more resources, less resources.

330
00:14:10,890 --> 00:14:12,720
More resources, less.

331
00:14:12,720 --> 00:14:15,450
Is a serverless, elasticity,

332
00:14:15,450 --> 00:14:18,273
pay-per-use, or scalability.

333
00:14:19,590 --> 00:14:23,040
For provisioning and deprovisioning.

334
00:14:23,040 --> 00:14:24,090
Go ahead and make that choice.

335
00:14:24,090 --> 00:14:24,990
What do you think?

336
00:14:26,850 --> 00:14:28,980
I'm gonna choose elasticity.

337
00:14:28,980 --> 00:14:30,150
Really, your two choices there,

338
00:14:30,150 --> 00:14:32,730
we're thinking about
elasticity or scalability.

339
00:14:32,730 --> 00:14:36,540
Scalability we often refer to
as scaling, upper scaling out,

340
00:14:36,540 --> 00:14:39,000
where elasticity, think about
that elastic band, right?

341
00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:40,560
That we stretch out and comes back,

342
00:14:40,560 --> 00:14:42,330
stretch out and comes back.

343
00:14:42,330 --> 00:14:45,317
That's the ability to
dynamically provision

344
00:14:45,317 --> 00:14:47,670
and deprovision resources.

345
00:14:47,670 --> 00:14:49,410
Let's just double check that it's right.

346
00:14:49,410 --> 00:14:50,310
And it is.

347
00:14:50,310 --> 00:14:51,143
Awesome.

348
00:14:51,143 --> 00:14:51,976
All right, great job.

349
00:14:51,976 --> 00:14:53,280
We just did 10 questions together.

350
00:14:53,280 --> 00:14:55,710
I hope that you learned a little bit more

351
00:14:55,710 --> 00:14:56,970
or reinforced your knowledge.

352
00:14:56,970 --> 00:14:59,070
That's really why we do these

353
00:14:59,070 --> 00:15:01,680
and that you, you know take
the time to put me on pause

354
00:15:01,680 --> 00:15:02,850
and write down your own answers

355
00:15:02,850 --> 00:15:04,650
that you really do make these quizzes

356
00:15:04,650 --> 00:15:06,930
an interactive experience.

357
00:15:06,930 --> 00:15:10,110
Okay, up next, we're
gonna go into lesson 11.

358
00:15:10,110 --> 00:15:11,310
Given the scenario,

359
00:15:11,310 --> 00:15:14,730
apply security principles
to secure the enterprise.

360
00:15:14,730 --> 00:15:15,680
I'll see you there.