1
00:00:06,540 --> 00:00:09,570
- So, welcome to our
Lesson 5 Deep Dive Quiz.

2
00:00:09,570 --> 00:00:12,450
Lesson 5 was all about
comparing and contrasting

3
00:00:12,450 --> 00:00:15,180
threat actors and motivations.

4
00:00:15,180 --> 00:00:17,100
We did two lessons, Lesson 5.1

5
00:00:17,100 --> 00:00:18,720
Threat Actors and Attributes,

6
00:00:18,720 --> 00:00:20,430
and Lesson 5.2

7
00:00:20,430 --> 00:00:22,350
Threat Modeling and Intelligence.

8
00:00:22,350 --> 00:00:24,870
So now let's answer
five questions together.

9
00:00:24,870 --> 00:00:26,070
You ready to get started?

10
00:00:26,070 --> 00:00:28,110
Okay, let's do it.

11
00:00:28,110 --> 00:00:29,550
Our first question,

12
00:00:29,550 --> 00:00:33,690
this sophisticated adversary's
motivation is financial gain

13
00:00:33,690 --> 00:00:36,840
and generally has significant resources.

14
00:00:36,840 --> 00:00:40,050
An organized crime
syndicate, a nation state,

15
00:00:40,050 --> 00:00:43,500
a hacktivist collective, or a competitor?

16
00:00:43,500 --> 00:00:45,210
So now we're looking
for two things, right,

17
00:00:45,210 --> 00:00:47,910
for this sophisticated adversary, right?

18
00:00:47,910 --> 00:00:50,970
Financial gain, and they generally have

19
00:00:50,970 --> 00:00:52,533
significant resources.

20
00:00:53,370 --> 00:00:55,260
So, look through this list.

21
00:00:55,260 --> 00:00:57,480
First, determine who wants financial gain,

22
00:00:57,480 --> 00:00:59,400
and then who has resources.

23
00:00:59,400 --> 00:01:01,890
Organized crime, nation state,

24
00:01:01,890 --> 00:01:04,683
hacktivist collective, or a competitor.

25
00:01:07,680 --> 00:01:08,670
Are you ready?

26
00:01:08,670 --> 00:01:11,940
Alright, well, I'm gonna
choose organized crime.

27
00:01:11,940 --> 00:01:15,330
Organized crime's motivation
is always financial gain,

28
00:01:15,330 --> 00:01:18,180
and they generally have some very good

29
00:01:18,180 --> 00:01:19,470
and significant resources.

30
00:01:19,470 --> 00:01:22,110
They put a lot of money into R&D.

31
00:01:22,110 --> 00:01:24,630
Nation state's not really
looking for financial gain,

32
00:01:24,630 --> 00:01:26,370
they have a host of other reasons.

33
00:01:26,370 --> 00:01:29,610
A hacktivist generally doesn't
have significant resources,

34
00:01:29,610 --> 00:01:31,770
they're not looking for
financial gain either.

35
00:01:31,770 --> 00:01:33,900
They're really looking to
make a political statement.

36
00:01:33,900 --> 00:01:36,330
And a competitor really isn't as much

37
00:01:36,330 --> 00:01:37,350
looking for financial gain.

38
00:01:37,350 --> 00:01:39,480
They may be looking for
intellectual property,

39
00:01:39,480 --> 00:01:41,910
or they may be looking to knock

40
00:01:41,910 --> 00:01:44,310
their competitor site offline.

41
00:01:44,310 --> 00:01:46,230
So, I like organized crime syndicate.

42
00:01:46,230 --> 00:01:47,250
Do you agree?

43
00:01:47,250 --> 00:01:48,720
Let's check.

44
00:01:48,720 --> 00:01:49,923
And, that is correct.

45
00:01:51,570 --> 00:01:56,310
Question two, the time,
effort, and resources needed

46
00:01:56,310 --> 00:01:59,670
for an attacker to successfully
achieve their objective.

47
00:01:59,670 --> 00:02:00,870
How do we describe that?

48
00:02:00,870 --> 00:02:03,870
Is that their motivation, work factor,

49
00:02:03,870 --> 00:02:06,543
resiliency, or investment?

50
00:02:07,440 --> 00:02:09,990
This is a term we've used
a couple of times already

51
00:02:09,990 --> 00:02:12,960
in other lessons, and then we
used it again in this lesson.

52
00:02:12,960 --> 00:02:15,000
The time, effort, and resources needed

53
00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:18,210
for an attacker to successfully
achieve their objective.

54
00:02:18,210 --> 00:02:21,783
Motivation, work factor,
resiliency, or investment?

55
00:02:24,540 --> 00:02:26,940
Well, I'm gonna choose work factor.

56
00:02:26,940 --> 00:02:28,770
Now, motivation obviously
is very important.

57
00:02:28,770 --> 00:02:32,070
That's the reason why they're
going to do something.

58
00:02:32,070 --> 00:02:34,680
Resiliency doesn't really apply here.

59
00:02:34,680 --> 00:02:37,260
Investment, they may need to
make a financial investment,

60
00:02:37,260 --> 00:02:39,990
but that doesn't really
apply to the question.

61
00:02:39,990 --> 00:02:43,050
Work factor is the time, the effort,

62
00:02:43,050 --> 00:02:44,370
and the resources needed

63
00:02:44,370 --> 00:02:47,790
for an attacker to successfully
achieve their objective.

64
00:02:47,790 --> 00:02:48,623
Agree?

65
00:02:48,623 --> 00:02:50,160
Let's check.

66
00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:51,273
And, that is correct.

67
00:02:52,920 --> 00:02:56,670
Question three, this threat
actor defaced a website

68
00:02:56,670 --> 00:02:59,880
to make a stand against climate polluters.

69
00:02:59,880 --> 00:03:03,060
Would this be a
hacktivist, a nation state,

70
00:03:03,060 --> 00:03:06,240
a hacker, or a cyber criminal?

71
00:03:06,240 --> 00:03:07,770
So, here's the situation.

72
00:03:07,770 --> 00:03:09,930
We have a threat actor
that defaced a website

73
00:03:09,930 --> 00:03:12,750
to make a stand against climate polluters.

74
00:03:12,750 --> 00:03:15,810
Who's the most likely
threat actor in this case?

75
00:03:15,810 --> 00:03:18,270
The hacktivist, the nation state,

76
00:03:18,270 --> 00:03:20,703
the hacker, or the criminal?

77
00:03:21,930 --> 00:03:23,013
Make that choice.

78
00:03:24,840 --> 00:03:27,480
Well, I'm gonna choose hacktivist, right?

79
00:03:27,480 --> 00:03:29,280
Because a hacktivist is generally trying

80
00:03:29,280 --> 00:03:30,630
to make a political statement.

81
00:03:30,630 --> 00:03:33,990
And we know that the two
primary means or methods

82
00:03:33,990 --> 00:03:36,867
that hacktivists use are
defacement of a website

83
00:03:36,867 --> 00:03:39,150
and denial of service attacks.

84
00:03:39,150 --> 00:03:41,490
Nation states generally, you know,

85
00:03:41,490 --> 00:03:43,020
are gonna wanna be very stealthy,

86
00:03:43,020 --> 00:03:44,940
and they're not looking to make a stand

87
00:03:44,940 --> 00:03:46,590
against climate polluters.

88
00:03:46,590 --> 00:03:48,930
A hacker's usually looking
for financial gain.

89
00:03:48,930 --> 00:03:51,450
A cyber criminal also, or notoriety,

90
00:03:51,450 --> 00:03:54,450
a cyber criminal also
looking for financial gain

91
00:03:54,450 --> 00:03:56,700
really isn't looking
just to deface a website.

92
00:03:56,700 --> 00:03:57,990
So, I'm going with activist.

93
00:03:57,990 --> 00:03:58,823
You like it?

94
00:03:58,823 --> 00:04:00,330
Let's check.

95
00:04:00,330 --> 00:04:01,413
And, that's correct.

96
00:04:02,910 --> 00:04:06,720
Question four, the early
stage of this type of attack

97
00:04:06,720 --> 00:04:10,710
often involves the use of
automated programs or bots

98
00:04:10,710 --> 00:04:12,450
that scan networks or systems

99
00:04:12,450 --> 00:04:15,273
for any weakness or easy targets.

100
00:04:16,380 --> 00:04:19,140
Would this be the early
stage of a targeted attack,

101
00:04:19,140 --> 00:04:21,750
the early stage of an
opportunistic attack,

102
00:04:21,750 --> 00:04:24,390
the early stage of a zero-day attack,

103
00:04:24,390 --> 00:04:28,080
or the early stage of
an amplification attack?

104
00:04:28,080 --> 00:04:29,550
So what's happening here, right,

105
00:04:29,550 --> 00:04:32,040
in this early stage, we're
using automated programs

106
00:04:32,040 --> 00:04:34,980
or bots to scan the
networks or the systems.

107
00:04:34,980 --> 00:04:36,270
What are we looking for?

108
00:04:36,270 --> 00:04:38,793
Weaknesses or an easy target?

109
00:04:39,630 --> 00:04:41,790
So tell me, which type of attack

110
00:04:41,790 --> 00:04:44,403
is this describing the
early, early stages?

111
00:04:46,612 --> 00:04:49,620
Well, I'm gonna choose
opportunistic, right?

112
00:04:49,620 --> 00:04:51,330
Because in an opportunistic attack,

113
00:04:51,330 --> 00:04:54,300
the attacker isn't sure
who their victim is.

114
00:04:54,300 --> 00:04:57,120
What they're first looking
for is that easy mark,

115
00:04:57,120 --> 00:04:59,580
that easy target, those vulnerabilities.

116
00:04:59,580 --> 00:05:01,860
That would be an opportunistic.

117
00:05:01,860 --> 00:05:04,770
Targeted, they know exactly
who they're going after.

118
00:05:04,770 --> 00:05:08,010
Zero-day, not relevant to
this discussion right now,

119
00:05:08,010 --> 00:05:09,720
nor is amplification.

120
00:05:09,720 --> 00:05:12,090
So, I'm gonna go with opportunistic.

121
00:05:12,090 --> 00:05:13,680
Agree?

122
00:05:13,680 --> 00:05:14,883
And, it is correct.

123
00:05:15,900 --> 00:05:17,760
And our last question, question five,

124
00:05:17,760 --> 00:05:20,070
see if we can get 'em all right.

125
00:05:20,070 --> 00:05:22,980
Available sources of this
type of threat intelligence

126
00:05:22,980 --> 00:05:26,460
includes news articles,
social media platforms,

127
00:05:26,460 --> 00:05:30,390
websites, public records,
government documents,

128
00:05:30,390 --> 00:05:33,303
academic research, and online forums.

129
00:05:34,470 --> 00:05:37,890
Is it subscription feeds,
covert intelligence,

130
00:05:37,890 --> 00:05:42,393
OSINT, which is open-source
intelligence, or the Dark Web?

131
00:05:43,620 --> 00:05:46,140
So, which of these types
of threat intelligence

132
00:05:46,140 --> 00:05:49,950
could include news articles,
published news articles,

133
00:05:49,950 --> 00:05:51,690
what you see in social media,

134
00:05:51,690 --> 00:05:54,810
what you can get from a
website, public records,

135
00:05:54,810 --> 00:05:57,540
government documents, which
are also public records,

136
00:05:57,540 --> 00:06:00,060
academic research, which
is generally published,

137
00:06:00,060 --> 00:06:02,040
and online forums, right?

138
00:06:02,040 --> 00:06:05,940
So these are all things that
are out in the public sphere.

139
00:06:05,940 --> 00:06:08,580
Subscription feeds, covert intelligence,

140
00:06:08,580 --> 00:06:11,343
OSINT, or Dark Web?

141
00:06:13,770 --> 00:06:15,660
Well, I'm gonna choose OSINT,

142
00:06:15,660 --> 00:06:17,580
which is open-source intelligence,

143
00:06:17,580 --> 00:06:19,920
which really refers to publicly available

144
00:06:19,920 --> 00:06:22,680
and accessible information
that you can use

145
00:06:22,680 --> 00:06:25,080
in an intelligence context.

146
00:06:25,080 --> 00:06:26,070
Do you like it?

147
00:06:26,070 --> 00:06:27,840
Let's check.

148
00:06:27,840 --> 00:06:29,133
And, that is correct.

149
00:06:30,120 --> 00:06:32,520
Congratulations, great job.

150
00:06:32,520 --> 00:06:34,710
You did really well on
those five questions.

151
00:06:34,710 --> 00:06:35,640
So, what's up next?

152
00:06:35,640 --> 00:06:37,590
We're gonna go right into Lesson 6

153
00:06:37,590 --> 00:06:41,430
to Explain Common Threat
Vectors and Attack Surfaces.

154
00:06:41,430 --> 00:06:42,380
I'll see you there.