WEBVTT 00:21.100 --> 00:21.580 Hello. 00:21.610 --> 00:22.900 I'm Brian Farrell. 00:23.110 --> 00:28.030 And welcome to Peace City session on laptop expansion options. 00:28.450 --> 00:34.570 Today, we're going to be talking about expansion cards, then we'll move on to random access memory 00:34.840 --> 00:37.570 and we'll conclude with flash memory. 00:38.290 --> 00:40.900 Now there's a fair amount of ground to cover. 00:41.200 --> 00:48.910 So let's go ahead and begin the session, and we'll begin by talking about expansion cards for the laptop. 00:49.780 --> 00:57.310 The laptops, small form factor and sometimes its method of manufacturing can make it functionally more 00:57.310 --> 01:02.830 difficult to expand if increasing the functionality of a laptop is the goal. 01:03.640 --> 01:10.900 In some cases, a technician doesn't have the option of just opening the case and inserting new hardware. 01:11.290 --> 01:17.650 However, in many cases, the increased capabilities can be achieved through other means. 01:18.130 --> 01:21.340 That's where expansion cards can come into play. 01:22.150 --> 01:28.450 The first expansion cards developed for laptops were the PCM CIA card. 01:28.720 --> 01:36.310 They were introduced by the Personal Computer Memory Card Industry Association in 1990. 01:37.000 --> 01:42.400 They were also known as the PC card and later as the card bus. 01:43.120 --> 01:50.080 Originally, it was developed as a means of expanding the storage capabilities, a very small form factor 01:50.080 --> 01:50.830 devices. 01:51.280 --> 01:54.370 And then it was extended to work with laptops. 01:54.940 --> 02:00.100 After its initial development, additional capabilities were added to the standards. 02:00.640 --> 02:10.870 Now, the PCM CIA card either uses a 16 bit or 32 bit data path, and it came in three types. 02:11.290 --> 02:14.020 The first card developed was the Type one card. 02:14.230 --> 02:20.060 It's three point three millimeters thick, and it only came with the 16 bit data path. 02:20.530 --> 02:29.200 It was commonly used as additional random access memory or as flash memory or as static random access 02:29.320 --> 02:29.920 memory. 02:30.400 --> 02:32.700 Then along came the type two card. 02:32.710 --> 02:39.670 It was five millimeters thick, and it could come with either a 16 or 32 bit data path. 02:40.150 --> 02:43.570 It introduced input output support to the card. 02:43.570 --> 02:48.220 Commonly, they were used as modems or network interface cards. 02:48.490 --> 02:53.800 The final type of PC and CIA card was the type three card. 02:54.250 --> 03:00.310 It was ten point five millimeters thick, and it always came with a 32 bit data path. 03:00.700 --> 03:02.920 This is the card bus card. 03:03.340 --> 03:11.410 It is more robust and allows for a full sized interface, as opposed to the compact input output interfaces 03:11.410 --> 03:13.210 that came with the type two card. 03:13.690 --> 03:20.140 External hard drives were also developed as type three card bus cards. 03:20.800 --> 03:27.040 As the PC card or card bus card age, we discovered that it didn't work as well as we'd hoped. 03:27.640 --> 03:36.850 So the PCM CIA developed the express card and introduced it in 2003 as the replacement for the card 03:36.850 --> 03:37.240 bus. 03:37.570 --> 03:45.070 It has all the features and functionality of the earlier cards, but also offers additional performance. 03:45.610 --> 03:46.840 And what do I mean by that? 03:47.080 --> 03:54.520 Well, it can take advantage of internal connections to either the PCI or U.S. B bus. 03:55.030 --> 04:02.170 This allows for possible transfer rates of two hundred and eighty megabits per second and USB two mode 04:02.530 --> 04:10.720 and up to three point two gigabits per second in either USB three mode or in PCI e two mode. 04:11.110 --> 04:15.520 Now, the PCM CIA disbanded in 2009. 04:15.790 --> 04:19.030 That means that this standard is no longer being developed. 04:19.390 --> 04:29.110 However, the standard is being maintained by the USB Implementers Forum, the U.S. B Dash I f now express 04:29.110 --> 04:34.870 cards came in two formats the ExpressCard 34 and the Express Card 54. 04:35.290 --> 04:43.930 The ExpressCard 34 is 34 mm wide and 75 mm long with a twenty six pin connector. 04:44.290 --> 04:54.190 The Express Card, 54, is 54 mm wide and 75 mm long, and it also had a twenty six pin connector and 04:54.190 --> 04:57.700 it's easily recognizable because its L-shaped. 04:58.090 --> 05:04.630 Now the Express Card 54 slot could accept either of the express card formats. 05:04.990 --> 05:12.160 So if your laptop came with an Express Card 54 slot, you could use either card in that laptop. 05:12.850 --> 05:15.490 Now, let's move on to random access memory. 05:16.120 --> 05:20.470 Laptops use the small outline dual in-line memory module. 05:20.620 --> 05:21.310 The sodium. 05:21.790 --> 05:27.580 It was developed as the random access memory solution for the smaller form factor. 05:27.940 --> 05:35.650 In many cases, it isn't easily performed expansion option used to increase the performance of a laptop. 05:36.160 --> 05:38.900 Sodium came in many different versions. 05:38.920 --> 05:47.080 There was the 100 pin SD RAM, the one hundred and forty four pin SD RAM, the 200 pin DDR, the 200 05:47.080 --> 05:56.050 pin DDR two, the two hundred and four pin DDR three, and the two hundred and sixty pin DDR for increasing 05:56.050 --> 06:03.220 the amount of sodium in a laptop can increase performance just as increasing the amount of RAM in a 06:03.220 --> 06:06.130 PC does in modern laptops. 06:06.160 --> 06:10.300 It's not uncommon for their sodium to be soldered in place. 06:10.660 --> 06:14.830 In these cases, you cannot easily upgrade the RAM. 06:15.520 --> 06:17.740 Now let's talk about flash memory. 06:18.550 --> 06:20.230 So what is flash memory? 06:20.260 --> 06:25.810 Well, it's a type of non-volatile computer memory that was developed by Toshiba. 06:26.230 --> 06:32.800 Non-Volatile means that it doesn't require an electrical charge to maintain the state of the data. 06:33.220 --> 06:38.500 It's commonly used as a highly portable method of storing data in applications. 06:38.890 --> 06:42.910 Its most common form factor is the USB flash drive. 06:43.450 --> 06:48.070 It is reasonably inexpensive and it can operate at high speeds. 06:48.490 --> 06:54.100 Now, some operating systems can use flash memory as random access memory. 06:54.400 --> 07:02.530 Specifically, Microsoft developed ready boost as a means of caching data on flash, effectively extending 07:02.620 --> 07:06.820 the random access memory to the flash memory module. 07:07.270 --> 07:14.800 That often leads to an increase in the performance of a laptop due to the nature of its construction 07:14.800 --> 07:15.820 and operation. 07:16.030 --> 07:21.460 Flash memory performance does degrade over time, and it will eventually wear out. 07:21.940 --> 07:22.670 But don't worry. 07:22.690 --> 07:26.110 In most cases, you lose it before you wear it out. 07:26.800 --> 07:31.420 Now that concludes this session on laptop expansion options. 07:31.960 --> 07:35.770 We started with expansion card options for the laptop. 07:36.070 --> 07:41.860 Then we moved on to random access memory and we concluded with flash memory. 07:42.190 --> 07:47.860 Now, on behalf of Peace I.T. Thank you for watching this session, and I'm looking forward to doing 07:47.860 --> 07:48.490 another one.